NAME Crypt::SSLeay - OpenSSL glue that provides LWP https support SYNOPSIS lwp-request https://www.example.com use LWP::UserAgent; my $ua = new LWP::UserAgent; my $req = new HTTP::Request('GET', 'https://www.example.com'); my $res = $ua->request($req); print $res->code."\n"; # PROXY SUPPORT $ENV{HTTPS_PROXY} = 'http://proxy_hostname_or_ip:port'; # PROXY_BASIC_AUTH $ENV{HTTPS_PROXY_USERNAME} = 'username'; $ENV{HTTPS_PROXY_PASSWORD} = 'password'; # DEBUGGING SWITCH / LOW LEVEL SSL DIAGNOSTICS $ENV{HTTPS_DEBUG} = 1; # DEFAULT SSL VERSION $ENV{HTTPS_VERSION} = '3'; # CLIENT CERT SUPPORT $ENV{HTTPS_CERT_FILE} = 'certs/notacacert.pem'; $ENV{HTTPS_KEY_FILE} = 'certs/notacakeynopass.pem'; # CA CERT PEER VERIFICATION $ENV{HTTPS_CA_FILE} = 'certs/ca-bundle.crt'; $ENV{HTTPS_CA_DIR} = 'certs/'; # CLIENT PKCS12 CERT SUPPORT $ENV{HTTPS_PKCS12_FILE} = 'certs/pkcs12.pkcs12'; $ENV{HTTPS_PKCS12_PASSWORD} = 'PKCS12_PASSWORD'; DESCRIPTION This perl module provides support for the https protocol under LWP, so that a LWP::UserAgent can make https GET & HEAD & POST requests. Please see perldoc LWP for more information on POST requests. The Crypt::SSLeay package contains Net::SSL, which is automatically loaded by LWP::Protocol::https on https requests, and provides the necessary SSL glue for that module to work via these deprecated modules: Crypt::SSLeay::CTX Crypt::SSLeay::Conn Crypt::SSLeay::X509 Work on Crypt::SSLeay has been continued only to provide https support for the LWP - libwww perl libraries. If you want access to the OpenSSL API via perl, check out Sampo's Net::SSLeay. INSTALL OpenSSL You must have OpenSSL or SSLeay installed before compiling this module. You can get the latest OpenSSL package from: http://www.openssl.org On Debian systems, you will need to install the libssl-dev package, at least for the duration of the build (it may be removed afterwards). Other package-based systems may require something similar. The key is that Crypt::SSLeay makes calls to the OpenSSL library, and how to do so is specified in the C header files that come with the library. Some systems break out the header files into a separate package from that of the libraries. Once the program has been built, you don't need the headers any more. When installing openssl make sure your config looks like: ./config --openssldir=/usr/local/openssl or ./config --openssldir=/usr/local/ssl If you are planning on upgrading the default OpenSSL libraries on a system like RedHat, not that I would recommend this, then you might try something like: ./config --openssldir=/usr --shared The --shared option to config will set up building the .so shared libraries which is important for such systems. then make make test make install This way Crypt::SSLeay will pick up the includes and libraries automatically. If your includes end up going into a separate directory like /usr/local/include, then you may need to symlink /usr/local/openssl/include to /usr/local/include Crypt::SSLeay The latest Crypt::SSLeay can be found at your nearest CPAN, and also: http://www.perl.com/CPAN-local/modules/by-module/Crypt/ Once you have downloaded it, Crypt::SSLeay installs easily using the make or nmake commands as shown below. perl Makefile.PL make make test make install * use nmake or dmake for win32 For unattended (batch) installations, to be absolutely certain that F does not prompt for questions on STDIN, set the following environment variable beforehand: PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT=1 (This is true for any CPAN module that uses C). Windows For Activestate users, the ActiveState company does not have a permit from the Canadian Federal Government to distribute cryptographic software. This prevents "Crypt::SSLeay" from being distributed as a PPM package from their repository. See for more information on this issue. You may download it from Randy Kobes's PPM repository by using the following command: ppm install http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/ppms/Crypt-SSLeay.ppd An alternative is to add the uwinnipeg.ca PPM repository to your local installation. See for more details. PROXY SUPPORT LWP::UserAgent and Crypt::SSLeay have their own versions of proxy support. Please read these sections to see which one may be right for you. LWP::UserAgent Proxy Support LWP::UserAgent has its own methods of proxying which may work for you and is likely incompatible with Crypt::SSLeay proxy support. To use LWP::UserAgent proxy support, try something like: my $ua = new LWP::UserAgent; $ua->proxy([qw( https http )], "$proxy_ip:$proxy_port"); At the time of this writing, libwww v5.6 seems to proxy https requests fine with an Apache mod_proxy server. It sends a line like: GET https://www.example.com HTTP/1.1 to the proxy server, which is not the CONNECT request that some proxies would expect, so this may not work with other proxy servers than mod_proxy. The CONNECT method is used by Crypt::SSLeay's internal proxy support. Crypt::SSLeay Proxy Support For native Crypt::SSLeay proxy support of https requests, you need to set an environment variable HTTPS_PROXY to your proxy server & port, as in: # PROXY SUPPORT $ENV{HTTPS_PROXY} = 'http://proxy_hostname_or_ip:port'; $ENV{HTTPS_PROXY} = '127.0.0.1:8080'; Use of the HTTPS_PROXY environment variable in this way is similar to LWP::UserAgent->env_proxy() usage, but calling that method will likely override or break the Crypt::SSLeay support, so do not mix the two. Basic auth credentials to the proxy server can be provided this way: # PROXY_BASIC_AUTH $ENV{HTTPS_PROXY_USERNAME} = 'username'; $ENV{HTTPS_PROXY_PASSWORD} = 'password'; For an example of LWP scripting with Crypt::SSLeay native proxy support, please see the source of the eg/lwp-ssl-test script in the Crypt::SSLeay distribution. CLIENT CERTIFICATE SUPPORT Certificate support is new provided by patches from Tobias Manthey. Is ALPHA as of .25, but looking pretty stable as of .29. PEM encoded certificate and private key files may be used like this: $ENV{HTTPS_CERT_FILE} = 'certs/notacacert.pem'; $ENV{HTTPS_KEY_FILE} = 'certs/notacakeynopass.pem'; You may test your files with the eg/net-ssl-test program by issuing a command like: perl eg/net-ssl-test -cert=certs/notacacert.pem -key=certs/notacakeynopass.pem -d GET $HOST_NAME Additionally, if you would like to tell the client where the CA file is, you may set these. These *CA* configs are ALPHA as of version .29. $ENV{HTTPS_CA_FILE} = "some_file"; $ENV{HTTPS_CA_DIR} = "some_dir"; There is no sample CA cert file at this time for testing, but you may configure eg/net_ssl_test to use your CA cert with the -CAfile option. Creating a Test Certificate To create simple test certificates with openssl, you may: /usr/local/openssl/bin/openssl req -config /usr/local/openssl/openssl.cnf -new -days 365 -newkey rsa:1024 -x509 -keyout notacakey.pem -out notacacert.pem To remove the pass phrase from the key file, execute this: /usr/local/openssl/bin/openssl rsa -in notacakey.pem -out notacakeynopass.pem PKCS12 New as of version .45 is PKCS12 certificate support thanks to Daisuke Kuroda The directives for enabling use of these certificates is: $ENV{HTTPS_PKCS12_FILE} = 'certs/pkcs12.pkcs12'; $ENV{HTTPS_PKCS12_PASSWORD} = 'PKCS12_PASSWORD'; Use of this type of certificate will take precedence over previous certificate settings described. SSL VERSIONS Crypt::SSLeay tries very hard to connect to ANY SSL web server trying to accomodate servers that are buggy, old or simply not standards compliant. To this effect, this module will try SSL connections in this order: SSL v23 - should allow v2 & v3 servers to pick their best type SSL v3 - best connection type SSL v2 - old connection type Unfortunately, some servers seem not to handle a reconnect to SSL v3 after a failed connect of SSL v23 is tried, so you may set before using LWP or Net::SSL: $ENV{HTTPS_VERSION} = 3; so that a SSL v3 connection is tried first. At this time only a SSL v2 connection will be tried after this, as the connection attempt order remains unchanged by this setting. COMPATIBILITY This module has been compiled on the following platforms: PLATFORM CPU SSL PERL VER DATE WHO -------- --- --- ---- --- ---- --- Linux 2.4.7 x86 OpenSSL 0.9.7 5.00800 .51 2003-06-10 Joshua Chamas Linux 2.4.7 x86 OpenSSL 0.9.6g 5.00800 .49 2003-01-29 Joshua Chamas Win2000 SP2 x86 OpenSSL 0.9.7 5.00601 .49 2003-01-29 Joshua Chamas WinNT SP6 x86 OpenSSL 0.9.6a 5.00601 .45 2002-08-01 Joshua Chamas Linux 2.4.7 x86 OpenSSL 0.9.6d 5.00800 .45 2002-08-01 Joshua Chamas Linux 2.4.7 x86 OpenSSL 0.9.6 5.00601 .39 2002-06-23 Joshua Chamas Solaris 2.8 Sparc ? 5.00503 .37 2002-05-31 Christopher Biow OpenBSD 2.8 Sparc ? 5.00600 .25 2001-04-11 Tim Ayers Linux 2.2.14 x86 OpenSSL 0.9.6 5.00503 .25 2001-04-10 Joshua Chamas WinNT SP6 x86 OpenSSL 0.9.4 5.00404 .25 2001-04-10 Joshua Chamas Solaris 2.7 Sparc OpenSSL 0.9.6 5.00503 .22 2001-03-01 Dave Paris AIX 4.3.2 RS/6000 OpenSSL 0.9.6 5.6.0 .19 2001-01-08 Peter Heimann Solaris 2.6 x86 OpenSSL 0.9.5a 5.00501 .17 2000-09-04 Joshua Chamas Linux 2.2.12 x86 OpenSSL 0.9.5a 5.00503 .16 2000-07-13 David Harris FreeBSD 3.2 ?x86 OpenSSL 0.9.2b 5.00503 ? 1999-09-29 Rip Toren Solaris 2.6 ?Sparc OpenSSL 0.9.4 5.00404 ? 1999-08-24 Patrick Killelea FreeBSD 2.2.5 x86 OpenSSL 0.9.3 5.00404 ? 1999-08-19 Andy Lee Solaris 2.5.1 USparc OpenSSL 0.9.4 5.00503 ? 1999-08-18 Marek Rouchal Solaris 2.6 x86 SSLeay 0.8.0 5.00501 ? 1999-08-12 Joshua Chamas Linux 2.2.10 x86 OpenSSL 0.9.4 5.00503 ? 1999-08-11 John Barrett WinNT SP4 x86 SSLeay 0.9.2 5.00404 ? 1999-08-10 Joshua Chamas BUILD NOTES Win32, WinNT, Win2000, can't build If you cannot get it to build on your windows box, try ActiveState perl, at least their builds 522 & 618 are known to have a ppm install of Crypt::SSLeay available. Please see http://www.activestate.com for more info. AIX 4.3.2 - Symbol Error: __umoddi3 : referenced symbol not found The __umoddi3 problem applies here as well when compiling with gcc. Alternative solution: In Makefile.PL, prepend "-L"/usr/local// to the $LIBS value. Add after line 82: $LIBS = '-L' . dirname(`gcc -print-libgcc-file-name`) . ' ' . $LIBS; Solaris x86 - Symbol Error: __umoddi3 : referenced symbol not found Problem: On Solaris x86, the default PERL configuration, and preferred, is to use the ld linker that comes with the OS, not gcc. Unfortunately during the OpenSSL build process, gcc generates in libcrypto.a, from bn_word.c, the undefined symbol __umoddi3, which is supposed to be later resolved by gcc from libgcc.a The system ld linker does not know about libgcc.a by default, so when building Crypt::SSLeay, there is a linker error for __umoddi3 Solution: The fix for this symlink your libgcc.a to some standard directory like /usr/local/lib, so that the system linker, ld, can find it when building Crypt::SSLeay. FreeBSD 2.x.x / Solaris - ... des.h:96 #error _ is defined ... If you encounter this error: "...des.h:96: #error _ is defined, but some strange definition the DES library cannot handle that...," then you need to edit the des.h file and comment out the "#error" line. Its looks like this error might be common to other operating systems, and that occurs with OpenSSL 0.9.3. Upgrades to 0.9.4 seem to fix this problem. SunOS 4.1.4, Perl 5.004_04 - ld.so: Undefined symbol: _CRYPT_mem_ctrl Problems: (initial build was fine, but execution of Perl scripts had problems) Got a message "ld.so: Undefined symbol: _CRYPT_mem_ctrl" solution: In the Makefile, comment out the line with "-fpic" (also try changing to "-fPIC", and this works also, not sure if one is preferred). OTHER MODULES A number of CPAN modules list Crypt-SSLeay as a pre-requisite. As of March 2007, this list included Acme-SDUM-Renew ROOT ASNMTAP ASNMTAP Business-Billing-TMobile-UK SRSHAH Business-OnlinePayment-Protx TEEJAY Business-PayPal-IPN SHERZODR Finance-Bank-CreditMut CBOUVI Finance-Bank-Fubon-TW AUTRIJUS Finance-Bank-HDFC ROHAN Finance-Quote HAMPTON Finance-SE-PPM ERWAN GMail-IMAPD KRS Google-Checkout DZHUO Hey-heyPass WILSOND HTTP-QuickBase CVONROES Mail-Webmail-Gmail MINCUS Module-Release BDFOY Net-Artera IVAN Net-eBay ICHUDOV Net-SMS-MessageNet DDICK Net-SMS-MessageNet DDICK Net-SMS-O2 AWRIGLEY Net-SMS-Optimus ROOT Net-SMS-PChome SNOWFLY Net-UPS SHERZODR Net-XRC IVAN o2sms MACKERS WebService-CIA IMALPASS WWW-FleXtel NICOLAW WWW-GMail XANTUS WWW-Hotmail XANTUS WWW-Mail15 REFLOG WWW-Myspace GRANTG WWW-Postini PGUZIS WWW-RIPE-LIRPortal RIPENCC WWW-Scraper-Gmail KASTNER WWW-Yahoo-Groups SPOON Yahoo-Marketing JLAVALLEE NOTES Many thanks to Gisle Aas for the original writing of this module and many others including libwww for perl. The web will never be the same :) Ben Laurie deserves kudos for his excellent patches for better error handling, SSL information inspection, and random seeding. Thanks to Dongqiang Bai for host name resolution fix when using a proxy. Thanks to Stuart Horner of Core Communications, Inc. who found the need for building --shared OpenSSL libraries. Thanks to Pavel Hlavnicka for a patch for freeing memory when using a pkcs12 file, and for inspiring more robust read() behavior. James Woodyatt is a champ for finding a ridiculous memory leak that has been the bane of many a Crypt::SSLeay user. Thanks to Bryan Hart for his patch adding proxy support, and thanks to Tobias Manthey for submitting another approach. Thanks to Alex Rhomberg for Alpha linux ccc patch. Thanks to Tobias Manthey for his patches for client certificate support. Thanks to Gamid Isayev for CA cert support and insight into error messaging. Thanks to Jeff Long for working through a tricky CA cert SSLClientVerify issue. Thanks to Chip Turner for patch to build under perl 5.8.0 Thanks to Joshua Chamas for the time he spent maintaining the module. SUPPORT For use of Crypt::SSLeay & Net::SSL with perl's LWP, please send email to libwww@perl.org . For OpenSSL or general SSL support please email the openssl user mailing list at openssl-users@openssl.org . This includes issues associated with building and installing OpenSSL on one's system. Please report all bugs at L. This module was originally written by Gisle Aas, and was subsequently maintained by Joshua Chamas. It is currently maintained by David Landgren. COPYRIGHT Copyright (c) 2006-2007 David Landgren. Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Joshua Chamas. Copyright (c) 1998 Gisle Aas. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.