================================================================================================
Union plain (N=2)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union plain, N=2:                         Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                          49             75          19          0.4        2459.8       1.0X
codegen=on                                           23             33           6          0.9        1146.2       2.1X


================================================================================================
Union plain (N=4)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union plain, N=4:                         Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                          31             38           4          1.3         767.1       1.0X
codegen=on                                           25             33           4          1.6         636.0       1.2X


================================================================================================
Union plain (N=8)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union plain, N=8:                         Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                          44             59           7          1.8         554.0       1.0X
codegen=on                                           35             43           5          2.3         443.6       1.2X


================================================================================================
Union plain (N=16)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union plain, N=16:                        Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                          81            107          22          2.0         505.0       1.0X
codegen=on                                           59             67           7          2.7         366.3       1.4X


================================================================================================
Union plain (N=32)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union plain, N=32:                        Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                         160            185          21          2.0         500.2       1.0X
codegen=on                                          117            127           8          2.7         364.2       1.4X


================================================================================================
Union plain (N=64)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union plain, N=64:                        Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                        1114           1168          76          0.6        1740.9       1.0X
codegen=on                                          297            309           9          2.2         464.5       3.7X


================================================================================================
Union plain (N=128)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union plain, N=128:                       Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                        2452           2509          80          0.5        1915.8       1.0X
codegen=on                                          858            861           4          1.5         670.5       2.9X


================================================================================================
Union plain (N=256)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union plain, N=256:                       Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                        6293           6417         176          0.4        2458.0       1.0X
codegen=on                                         2721           2785          91          0.9        1062.9       2.3X


================================================================================================
Union plain (N=512)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union plain, N=512:                       Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                       18990          19112         172          0.3        3709.0       1.0X
codegen=on                                        10145          10223         110          0.5        1981.4       1.9X


================================================================================================
Union plain (N=1024)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union plain, N=1024:                      Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                       63438          63586         209          0.2        6195.1       1.0X
codegen=on                                        40631          42964        3299          0.3        3967.8       1.6X


================================================================================================
Union type widening (N=2)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union type widening, N=2:                 Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                          13             18           5          1.6         641.8       1.0X
codegen=on                                           11             15           4          1.7         574.0       1.1X


================================================================================================
Union type widening (N=4)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union type widening, N=4:                 Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                          20             24           5          2.0         498.0       1.0X
codegen=on                                           18             25           9          2.3         441.9       1.1X


================================================================================================
Union type widening (N=8)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union type widening, N=8:                 Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                          36             43           7          2.2         449.4       1.0X
codegen=on                                           31             38           7          2.6         387.3       1.2X


================================================================================================
Union type widening (N=16)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union type widening, N=16:                Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                          75             88          13          2.1         466.0       1.0X
codegen=on                                           60             63           3          2.7         373.1       1.2X


================================================================================================
Union type widening (N=32)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union type widening, N=32:                Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                         170            174           3          1.9         530.6       1.0X
codegen=on                                          131            137           4          2.4         410.4       1.3X


================================================================================================
Union type widening (N=64)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union type widening, N=64:                Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                        1065           1089          35          0.6        1664.1       1.0X
codegen=on                                          341            359          16          1.9         532.1       3.1X


================================================================================================
Union type widening (N=128)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union type widening, N=128:               Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                        2592           2594           3          0.5        2025.0       1.0X
codegen=on                                          970            986          19          1.3         758.1       2.7X


================================================================================================
Union type widening (N=256)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union type widening, N=256:               Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                        6833           6855          31          0.4        2669.1       1.0X
codegen=on                                         3216           3252          51          0.8        1256.1       2.1X


================================================================================================
Union type widening (N=512)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union type widening, N=512:               Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                       21236          21249          19          0.2        4147.6       1.0X
codegen=on                                        11840          12074         331          0.4        2312.5       1.8X


================================================================================================
Union type widening (N=1024)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union type widening, N=1024:              Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                       70308          70318          14          0.1        6866.0       1.0X
codegen=on                                        52645          53667        1444          0.2        5141.2       1.3X


================================================================================================
Union per-child ops (N=2)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union per-child ops, N=2:                 Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                          15             20           4          1.3         759.3       1.0X
codegen=on                                           14             18           4          1.4         715.4       1.1X


================================================================================================
Union per-child ops (N=4)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union per-child ops, N=4:                 Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                          24             27           4          1.7         598.9       1.0X
codegen=on                                           22             26           6          1.9         538.7       1.1X


================================================================================================
Union per-child ops (N=8)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union per-child ops, N=8:                 Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                          44             57          10          1.8         548.1       1.0X
codegen=on                                           39             47           9          2.1         486.7       1.1X


================================================================================================
Union per-child ops (N=16)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union per-child ops, N=16:                Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                          88             96           6          1.8         548.9       1.0X
codegen=on                                           74             93          13          2.2         460.5       1.2X


================================================================================================
Union per-child ops (N=32)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union per-child ops, N=32:                Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                         196            202           6          1.6         612.5       1.0X
codegen=on                                          157            164           4          2.0         489.2       1.3X


================================================================================================
Union per-child ops (N=64)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union per-child ops, N=64:                Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                        1395           1419          34          0.5        2180.0       1.0X
codegen=on                                          412            419           9          1.6         644.1       3.4X


================================================================================================
Union per-child ops (N=128)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union per-child ops, N=128:               Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                        3736           3765          41          0.3        2918.7       1.0X
codegen=on                                         1182           1216          48          1.1         923.4       3.2X


================================================================================================
Union per-child ops (N=256)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union per-child ops, N=256:               Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                        9338           9396          81          0.3        3647.7       1.0X
codegen=on                                         3651           3715          91          0.7        1426.1       2.6X


================================================================================================
Union per-child ops (N=512)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union per-child ops, N=512:               Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                       25446          25691         347          0.2        4970.0       1.0X
codegen=on                                        13850          13972         173          0.4        2705.0       1.8X


================================================================================================
Union per-child ops (N=1024)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union per-child ops, N=1024:              Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                       78002          78303         426          0.1        7617.4       1.0X
codegen=on                                        52726          55567        4018          0.2        5149.0       1.5X


================================================================================================
Union + downstream aggregate (N=2)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union + downstream aggregate, N=2:        Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                          51             68          18          0.4        2545.9       1.0X
codegen=on                                           33             45           8          0.6        1637.8       1.6X


================================================================================================
Union + downstream aggregate (N=4)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union + downstream aggregate, N=4:        Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                          49             67          11          0.8        1225.5       1.0X
codegen=on                                           40             48           8          1.0        1001.2       1.2X


================================================================================================
Union + downstream aggregate (N=8)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union + downstream aggregate, N=8:        Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                          69             77           8          1.2         856.9       1.0X
codegen=on                                           60             71          10          1.3         748.0       1.1X


================================================================================================
Union + downstream aggregate (N=16)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union + downstream aggregate, N=16:       Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                         130            143           8          1.2         812.4       1.0X
codegen=on                                          113            131          24          1.4         708.6       1.1X


================================================================================================
Union + downstream aggregate (N=32)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union + downstream aggregate, N=32:       Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                         285            322          25          1.1         890.5       1.0X
codegen=on                                          313            342          22          1.0         976.6       0.9X


================================================================================================
Union + downstream aggregate (N=64)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union + downstream aggregate, N=64:       Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                        1507           1522          21          0.4        2354.0       1.0X
codegen=on                                          647            694          70          1.0        1010.3       2.3X


================================================================================================
Union + downstream aggregate (N=128)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union + downstream aggregate, N=128:      Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                        3642           3739         137          0.4        2845.5       1.0X
codegen=on                                         1902           1991         126          0.7        1486.0       1.9X


================================================================================================
Union + downstream aggregate (N=256)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union + downstream aggregate, N=256:      Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                       10067          10091          34          0.3        3932.4       1.0X
codegen=on                                         6604           6708         146          0.4        2579.7       1.5X


================================================================================================
Union + downstream aggregate (N=512)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union + downstream aggregate, N=512:      Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                       31875          31913          54          0.2        6225.5       1.0X
codegen=on                                        21053          21376         458          0.2        4111.9       1.5X


================================================================================================
Union + downstream aggregate (N=1024)
================================================================================================

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 25.0.3+9-LTS on Linux 6.17.0-1010-azure
AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
Union + downstream aggregate, N=1024:     Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
codegen=off                                      109873         110819        1339          0.1       10729.7       1.0X
codegen=on                                        82461          84408        2753          0.1        8052.8       1.3X


