May 31, 2005 hf6to4 8

### NAME

hf6to4 - setup automatic 6to4 IPv6 tunnelling

### SYNOPSIS

hf6to4 [-vn] command

### DESCRIPTION

The hf6to4 script can be used to setup IPv6 on your home machine and network for exploring IPv6 without any registrations. 6to4 is a mechanism by which your IPv6 address(es) are derived from an assigned IPv4 address, and which involves automatic tunnelling to one or more remove 6to4 relay routers, which will then forward your v6 packets on the 6bone. Replies are routed back to you over IPv4 via (possibly) other 6to4 relay routers. As such, IPv6-in-IPv4-encapsulated packets are accepted from all v4-hosts. See stf(4) for security discussion.

From your (single) IPv4 address, you get a whole IPv6 /48 network, which allows you to split your network in 2^16 subnets, with 2^64 hosts each. You need to setup routing for your internal network properly, help is provided for setting up the border router here.

This script takes the burden to calculate your IPv6 address from existing IPv4 address and runs the commands to setup (and tear down) automatic 6to4 IPv6 tunnelling. In a separate step, router advertisement for the inside network can be started and stopped.

Possible options are:

-n
  Do not. Only print the commands that would be run, but do not execute them.

-v
  Verbose operation. Print the commands that are about to be run, before running them. Displays some additional information.

-h
  Show usage.

Possible commands are:

start
  Same as stf-start.

stop
  Same as stf-stop.

stf-start
  Configure 6to4 IPv6. The stf(4) interface is configured, and a default route to a remote 6to4 gateway is established. In addition, the internal network interface is assigned an address.

stf-stop
  Stops 6to4 IPv6. All addresses are removed from the stf(4) device, and the default route is removed. If in_if is set, the 6to4 addresses are removed from that interface too.

rtadvd-start
  Starts router advertizement and IPv6 packet forwarding, turning the machine into a IPv6 router. Clients just need to be told to accept router advertizements, i.e. the `net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv' sysctl needs to be set to `1'. On NetBSD, you can arrange that by setting ``ip6mode=autohost'' in ```/etc/rc.conf`.

rtadvd-stop
  Stops router advertizement and IPv6 packet forwarding. rtadvd(8) is stopped.

### REQUIREMENTS

Besides IPv4 connectivity, you need support for IPv6 and the stf(4) device in your kernel. While the GENERIC NetBSD 1.5 kernel does support IPv6, it does not contain support for the stf(4) device.

Make sure you have the following options in your kernel config file:

  `

      options         INET            # IP + ICMP + TCP + UDP
      options         INET6           # IPV6
      pseudo-device   stf     1       # 6to4 IPv6 over IPv4 encapsulation

  `

In systems that run past-1.5, you will have to explicitly create an stf(4) device after compiling it in the kernel. You do this by running the following command before calling the hf6to4 script:

  `

      ifconfig stf0 create

  `

As an alternative, you can also put the following lines into ```/etc/rc.conf`:

  `

      net_interfaces="stf0"
      ifconfig_stf0="create"

  `

See also the comment on setting up IPv6-clients `behind' your 6to4 router for the rtadvd-start command!

### CONFIGURATION

The hf6to4 script reads its configuration from a config file named ```hf6to4.conf`. The ```hf6to4.conf` file is in sh(1) syntax, and contains several variables that can be tuned to adjust your setup. Default values should work for use on a modem/DSL dialup.

out_if
  The outbound interface that has a valid IPv4 address assigned, that can be used to derive the IPv6 addresses from. Usually ``ppp0'' for a modem setup, or your ethernet interface if you have IPv4 connectivity via LAN. This can't be empty, and is assigned the IPv6 address 2002:x:x:v6_net:hostbits6, see below.

in_if
  The inside interface. If non-empty, this interface is assigned the IPv6 address 2002:x:x:v6_innernet:hostbits6, see below. This is only useful on machines that have more than one network interfaces, e.g. with a modem and a local ethernet.

v6_net
  The subnet address you want to use on the address of your outbound interface. Defaults to ``1''.

v6_innernet
  The subnet address you want to use on the address of your inbound interface. Defaults to ``2''.

hostbits6
  The lower 64 bits of both the inbound and outbound interface's addresses.

peer
  Name of the remote 6to4 server that'll take our IPv6-in-IPv4 encapsulated packets and route them on via IPv6. A special value of ``6to4-anycast'' can be used for the anycast service defined in RFC 3068. Other possible values are given in the example config file.

remoteadr4, remoteadr6
  If the peer variable is set to the relay router's name, DNS lookups for A and AAAA records will be made to determine its IPv4 and IPv6 address. To avoid these lookups, the variables remoteadr4 and remoteadr6 can be set to strings containing the numerical IPv4 and IPv6 numbers directly.

### EXAMPLES

The hf6to4 script can be run automatically by pppd(8) when a connection is made. For this, put the following into ```/etc/ppp/ip-up`:

  `

      ( /usr/pkg/sbin/hf6to4 stf-stop
        /usr/pkg/sbin/hf6to4 stf-start
        /usr/pkg/sbin/hf6to4 rtadvd-stop
        /usr/pkg/sbin/hf6to4 rtadvd-start ) &

  `

To shut down properly, put this into ```/etc/ppp/ip-down`:

  `

      /usr/pkg/sbin/hf6to4 stf-stop
      /usr/pkg/sbin/hf6to4 rtadvd-stop

  `

### SEE ALSO

stf(4), ``6to4 IPv6 Explained'' at ```http://www.feyrer.de/NetBSD/6to4.html`, NetBSD IPv6 Documentation at ```http://www.netbsd.org/docs/network/ipv6/`, RFC 3068.

### HISTORY

The hf6to4 utility and manpage were written by Hubert Feyrer .

The utility was initially written in perl and called ``6to4'' but later rewritten as shell script and renamed to a name different than the protocol it configures to emphasize the difference between the protocol (6to4) and the implementation (hf6to4).

The older (perl) version is also shipped by Apple with versions 10.3 and 10.4 (and probably newer) of their MacOS X operating system.

### BUGS

On systems running past-1.5, the ``ifconfig stf0 create'' should be run automatically.

Might be good to use /etc/rc.d/rtadvd for rtadvd handling.