%% This work may be distributed and/or modified under the
%% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
%% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
%% The latest version of this license is in
%%   http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
%% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
%% version 2005/12/01 or later.
%%
%% This work has the LPPL maintenance status `maintained'.
%%
%% The Current Maintainer of this work is Philip Kime.

\ProvidesFile{apa.bbx}[2025/08/27\space v9.20\space APA biblatex references style]
\RequireBiber[3]
\RequireBibliographyStyle{standard}
\urlstyle{same} % APA examples all have URLs in same font as text

% Declare the language mapping suffix
\DeclareLanguageMappingSuffix{-apa}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  Automated capitalisation after colons
%  (http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2011/06/capitalization-after-colons.html)
%  Copied and adapted from ieee.bbx

% {<process>} {*} {<text>}
\newcommand*{\bbx@colon@search}[3]{%
  \bbx@colon@search@aux#1#2\empty#3: \stop
}
\long\def\bbx@colon@search@aux#1#2#3: #4\stop{%
  \expandafter#1\expandafter#2\expandafter{#3}%
  \ifblank{#4}
    {}
    {%
      : %
      \bbx@colon@search@aux#1#2\empty#4\stop
    }%
}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Optional parens/brackets
% Thanks to egreg from https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/53068/how-to-check-if-a-macro-value-is-empty-or-will-not-create-text-with-plain-tex-co
% for this test for expanded emptiness so that we can easily opt to not print parens around nothing
% Without this, it is very messy - you have to test all potential fields for defness first and this
% is messy because the fields in the additional info vary betwee entrytypes
\def\foreverunspace{%
  \ifnum\lastnodetype=11
    \unskip\foreverunspace
  \else
    \ifnum\lastnodetype=12
      \unkern\foreverunspace
    \else
      \ifnum\lastnodetype=13
        \unpenalty\foreverunspace
      \fi
    \fi
  \fi
}

% we need a way to save the state of the punctuation buffer
% cf. \blx@initunit in biblatex.sty for what we need to copy

% this uses the internal implementation of etoolbox toggles
% fingers crossed no one messes with it
\newrobustcmd*{\apablx@savetoggle}[1]{%
  \csletcs{apablx@savedtoggle@#1}{etb@tgl@#1}}

\newrobustcmd*{\apablx@restoretoggle}[1]{%
  \csletcs{etb@tgl@#1}{apablx@savedtoggle@#1}}

\newrobustcmd*{\apablx@savepunctstate}{%
  \apablx@savetoggle{blx@block}%
  \apablx@savetoggle{blx@unit}%
  \apablx@savetoggle{blx@insert}%
  \apablx@savetoggle{blx@lastins}%
  \apablx@savetoggle{blx@keepunit}%
  \let\apablx@savd@unitpunct\blx@unitpunct
  \let\apablx@savd@puncthook\abx@puncthook}

\newrobustcmd*{\apablx@restorepunctstate}{%
  \global\apablx@restoretoggle{blx@block}%
  \global\apablx@restoretoggle{blx@unit}%
  \global\apablx@restoretoggle{blx@insert}%
  \global\apablx@restoretoggle{blx@lastins}%
  \global\apablx@restoretoggle{blx@keepunit}%
  \global\let\blx@unitpunct\apablx@savd@unitpunct
  \global\let\abx@puncthook\apablx@savd@puncthook}

% printtext that checks if it would print anything
\newrobustcmd{\printtexte}[2][]{%
  \apablx@savepunctstate
  \setbox0=\hbox{#2\foreverunspace}%
  \apablx@restorepunctstate
  \ifdim\wd0=0pt
  \else
    \ifblank{#1}
      {\printtext{#2}}
      {\printtext[#1]{#2}}%
  \fi}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% (APA 9.8) - Allow variable max authors/editors limit
%             Default to APA 19

\newcommand{\maxprtauth}{20}
\DeclareBibliographyOption{apamaxprtauth}{%
  \ifstrempty{#1}
    {}
    {\renewcommand{\maxprtauth}{#1}}}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Multiple related entries, even though there are no
% examples in APA 7th, should probably be this

\renewcommand*{\relateddelim}{\addcomma\addspace}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% This does nothing currently
\newcommand{\apanum}[1]{#1}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% (APA 9.43) Hanging indent of 0.5in

\setlength{\bibhang}{0.5in}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Date formats. Suppress end range of less specific fields

\newcommand*{\mkdaterangeapalong}[1]{%
  \begingroup
    \blx@metadateinfo{#1}%
    \iffieldundef{#1year}{}
      {\datecircaprint
        \ifboolexpr{ test {\ifstrequal{#1}{url}}
                     or test {\ifentrytype{legal}}
                     or ( test {\ifentrytype{legadminmaterial}} and
                          test {\ifkeyword{proposed}} ) }
         {\printtext[#1date]{%
             \mkbibdateapalongmdy{#1year}{#1yeardivision}{#1month}{#1day}%
             \iffieldundef{#1endyear}%
               {}%
               {\iffieldequalstr{#1endyear}{}% open-ended range?
                 {\bibdatedash\bibstring{present}}
                 {\iffieldundef{#1endyeardivision}
                   {\bibdatedash%
                    \iffieldsequal{#1year}{#1endyear}%
                      {\iffieldsequal{#1month}{#1endmonth}%
                        {\iffieldsequal{#1day}{#1endday}%
                          {}%
                          {\mkbibdateapalongmdy{}{}{}{#1endday}}}%
                        {\mkbibdateapalongmdy{}{}{#1endmonth}{#1endday}}}%
                      {\mkbibdateapalongmdy{#1endyear}{#1endyeardivision}{#1endmonth}{#1endday}}}}
                   {\addslash\mkbibdateapalongmdy{}{#1endyeardivision}{}{}}}%
             \dateuncertainprint}}
         {\printtext{%
             \mkbibdateapalong{#1year}{#1yeardivision}{#1month}{#1day}%
             \dateeraprint{#1year}%
             \dateuncertainprint
             \iffieldundef{#1endyear}%
               {}%
               {\iffieldequalstr{#1endyear}{}% open-ended range?
                 {\bibdatedash\bibstring{present}}
                 {\iffieldundef{#1endyeardivision}
                   {\bibdatedash%
                    \iffieldsequal{#1year}{#1endyear}%
                      {\iffieldsequal{#1month}{#1endmonth}%
                        {\iffieldsequal{#1day}{#1endday}%
                          {}%
                          {\mkbibdateapalong{}{}{}{#1endday}}}%
                        {\mkbibdateapalong{}{}{#1endmonth}{#1endday}}}%
                      {\mkbibdateapalong{#1endyear}{#1endyeardivision}{#1endmonth}{#1endday}%
                        \dateeraprint{#1endyear}}}
                   {\addslash\mkbibdateapalong{}{#1endyeardivision}{}{}}}%
               \enddateuncertainprint}}}}%
  \endgroup}

% Only for DATE as only \printdateextra is used
\newcommand*{\mkdaterangeapalongextra}[1]{%
  \begingroup
    \blx@metadateinfo{#1}%
    \iffieldundef{#1year}{}
      {\printtext[#1date]{%
        \datecircaprint
        \mkbibdateapalongextra{#1year}{#1yeardivision}{#1month}{#1day}%
        \dateeraprint{#1year}%
        \dateuncertainprint
        \iffieldundef{#1endyear}%
          {}
          {\iffieldequalstr{#1endyear}{}% open-ended range?
            {\bibdatedash\bibstring{present}}
            {\iffieldundef{#1endyeardivision}
              {\bibdatedash%
               \iffieldsequal{#1year}{#1endyear}%
                 {\iffieldsequal{#1month}{#1endmonth}%
                    {\iffieldsequal{#1day}{#1endday}%
                      {}%
                      {\mkbibdateapalongextra{}{}{}{#1endday}}}
                    {\mkbibdateapalongextra{}{}{#1endmonth}{#1endday}}}
                 {\mkbibdateapalongextra{#1endyear}{#1endyeardivision}{#1endmonth}{#1endday}%
                   \dateeraprint{#1endyear}}}
              {\addslash\mkbibdateapalongmdy{}{#1endyeardivision}{}{}}}%
           \enddateuncertainprint}}}%
  \endgroup}

\AtEndPreamble{%
  \renewcommand*{\datecircaprint}{%
    \ifdatecirca{\biblcstring{circa}\printdelim{datecircadelim}}{}}}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% (APA 8.12) sort citations
% (APA 8.17,8.18) More than two authors is truncated to one but overriden for list ambiguity to
%                 point of no ambiguity but only when same year.
% (APA 8.20) Use initials to disambiguate shared surnames
% (APA 8.19) Use year postfix to disambiguate multiple items in same year
% (APA 9.44, 9.46, 9.47) Sorting is nyt but we need to account for PUBSTATE which comes
%                        after all normal cites for the same author
% (APA 9.42) Secular Before Common Era dates, approximate dates
% (APA Figure 9.2) Sorting ignores punctuation in names
% (APA 9.47) Ignore "The", "An" and "A" when sorting titles

% Used for sorting citations with biblatex option "sortcites" as this needs to use
% the silly APA standards for name list visibility (8.17, 8.18) in cites which differs from the reference list.
\DeclareSortingNamekeyTemplate[apasortcite]{
  \visibility{cite}
  \keypart{
    \namepart[use=true]{prefix}
    \namepart{family}
  }
  \keypart{
    \namepart{given}
  }
  \keypart{
    \namepart{suffix}
  }
  \keypart{
    \namepart[use=false]{prefix}
  }
}

\DeclareNosort{
  \nosort{setnames}{\regexp{\p{General_Category=Punctuation}}}
  \nosort{settitles}{\regexp{\A(?:The|An|A)\s+}}
}

\DeclareSortingTemplate{apa}{
  \sort{
    \field{presort}
  }
  \sort[final]{
    \field{sortkey}
  }
  \sort{
    \field{sortname}
    \field{author}
    \field{editor}
    \field{sorttitle}
    \field{title}
  }
  \sort{
    \field{pubstate}
  }
  \sort{
    \field{sortyear}
    \field{year}
    \field{eventyear}
    \literal{-2000000000}% APA has "nodates" coming first
  }
  \sort{
    \field{month}
    \field{eventmonth}
    \literal{-2000000000}% APA has "nodates" coming first
  }
  \sort{
    \field{day}
    \field{eventday}
    \literal{-2000000000}% APA has "nodates" coming first
  }
  \sort{
    \field{sorttitle}
    \field{title}
  }
  \sort{
    \field{volume}
    \literal{0}
  }
}

% Don't sort on EDITOR for INBOOK (IN* since IN* is mapped to INBOOK) as TITLE is used in place of author
% if there is no AUTHOR
\DeclareSortExclusion{inbook}{editor}

\DeclareLabelname{%
  \field{shortauthor}
  \field{author}
  \field{shorteditor}
  \field{editor}
}

% Don't use EDITOR as labelname in INBOOK (IN* since IN* is mapped to INBOOK) as citations should be
% via TITLE if there is no AUTHOR
\DeclareLabelname[inbook]{%
  \field{shortauthor}
  \field{author}
}

% Don't fall back on other year fields if there is no year, use
% "nodate" string
\DeclareLabeldate{%
  \field{pubstate}
  \field{date}
  \field{eventdate}
  \field{year}%legacy - no ISO8601 support
  \literal{nodate}
}

% CONSTITUTION entrytypes have no dates at all so no fall back to nodate literal either
\DeclareLabeldate[constitution]{\field{date}}

\ExecuteBibliographyOptions{%
                            abbreviate=true,%
                            autocite=inline,%
                            backref=false,%
                            citetracker=true,%
                            date=apalong,%
                            dateabbrev=false,%
                            datecirca=true,%
                            dateera=secular,%
                            dateuncertain=true,%
                            datezeros=false,%
                            eventdate=comp,%
                            labeldate=apalong,%
                            labeldateparts=true,%
                            maxbibnames=20,%
                            maxcitenames=2,%
                            minbibnames=19,%
                            mincitenames=1,%
                            mincrossrefs=999,%
                            maxitems=999,%
                            origdate=apalong,%
                            pagetracker=true,%
                            pluralothers=true,%
                            sortcites=true,%
                            sorting=apa,%
                            uniquelist=minyear,%
                            uniquename=init,%
                            uniqueprimaryauthor=true,%
                            urldate=apalong,%
                            useprefix=true,%
                            usetranslator=true,%
                            usenarrator=true}


% It's not completely obvious but it's implied that names identical apart from a suffix
% are to be treated as different name lists for extradate calculation so we add suffix
% to the default definition
\DeclareUniquenameTemplate{
  \namepart[use=true, base=true]{prefix}
  \namepart[base=true]{family}
  \namepart{given}
  \namepart{suffix}
}

% Force, in every refsection, the generation of refcontext data with a
% sorting name key template which works for citation sorting with sortcites. This
% would not be generated in the .bcf otherwise and therefore no sorted list
% with this sorting name key tenplate would generated in teh .bbl by biber because no
% \printbibliography would be executed in this context since it is only
% used for sorting of citations truncated to one name as per 8.17/8.18.
%
% Two things needs to happen in general:
% 1. Generate the refcontext sorted data list in the .bbl (biber) which requires a datalist
%    section in the .bcf. This latter is done by \printbibliography/\printbiblist or \GenRefcontextData
%    when no \printbibliography/\printbiblist is done in the refcontext 
% 2. Switch to the relevant refcontext at the right time in order to pull the date from the
%    correct data list (\newrefcontext/\begin{refcontext})
\AtBeginRefsection{\GenRefcontextData{sortingnamekeytemplatename=apasortcite}}
% Switch to the reference context using citation visibility setting for sorting of citations
\AtEveryCite{\localrefcontext[sortingnamekeytemplatename=apasortcite]}

% 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% Enforce ignoring of PUBSTATE if there is a YEAR or DATE field
% (APA 10.2:32) Remove PUBLISHER if it is the same as AUTHOR
% Force @COLLECTION, @REFERENCE->@BOOK and @INCOLLECTION,@INREFERENCE->@INBOOK

\DeclareStyleSourcemap{
  \maps[datatype=bibtex]{
    \map{
      \step[typesource=reference, typetarget=book]
    }
    \map{
      \step[typesource=inreference, typetarget=inbook]
    }
    \map{
      \step[typesource=collection, typetarget=book]
    }
    \map{
      \step[typesource=incollection, typetarget=inbook]
    }
    \map{
      \step[typesource=hardware, typetarget=software]
    }
    \map{
      \step[fieldsource=groupauthor, fieldtarget=author]
    }
    \map{
      \pertype{proceedings}
      \step[fieldsource=booktitle, fieldtarget=title]
      \step[typesource=proceedings, typetarget=book]
    }
    \map{
      \pertype{inproceedings}
      \step[notfield=editor, final]
      \step[notfield=crossref, final]% A bit suspect but assuming that any crossref contains EDITOR
      \step[fieldsource=booktitle, fieldtarget=journaltitle]
      \step[typesource=inproceedings, typetarget=article]
    }
    \map{
      \step[typesource=inproceedings, typetarget=inbook]
    }
    \map{
      \step[fieldsource=year, final]
      \step[fieldset=pubstate, null]
    }
    \map{
      \step[fieldsource=date, final]
      \step[fieldset=pubstate, null]
    }
    \map{
      \step[fieldsource=author, match=\regexp{([^{}]+)}, final]
      \step[fieldsource=publisher, match=\regexp{$1}, final]%$
      \step[fieldset=publisher, null]
   }
 }
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Flag to say whether the "in" has
% been placed already in IN*
% Reset every bibitem.

\newbool{bbx@in}
\AtEveryBibitem{\global\boolfalse{bbx@in}}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Flag to say whether editors were present
% and have been printed already (as they are
% cleared)
% Reset every bibitem.

\newbool{bbx@doneed}
\AtEveryBibitem{\global\boolfalse{bbx@doneed}}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Set up some standard APA formats

% General format of titles. Ugly Chicago-style lowercasing of English titles
\DeclareFieldFormat{apacase}{\bbx@colon@search\MakeSentenceCase*{#1}}

% HOWPUBLISHED
\DeclareFieldFormat[unpublished]{howpublished}{\mkbibbrackets{%
  \ifbibstring{#1}{\bibcpstring{#1}}{#1}}}

% TITLE
\DeclareFieldFormat*{title}{\mkbibemph{#1}\isdot}
\DeclareFieldFormat[article,inbook,incollection,periodical,misc,legislation,legadminmaterial,jurisdiction,inproceedings,legal]{title}{#1\isdot}
\DeclareFieldFormat[audio,video]{title}{\iffieldundef{maintitle}{\mkbibemph{#1}\isdot}{#1}}
\DeclareFieldFormat[presentation]{title}{\iffieldundef{maintitle}{\mkbibemph{#1}}{#1}\isdot}

% SUBTITLE
\DeclareFieldFormat[legmaterial]{subtitle}{\mkbibemph{#1}}

% TITLEADDON
\DeclareFieldFormat{titleaddon}{\mkbibbrackets{\bbx@colon@search\MakeSentenceCase*{#1}}}
\DeclareFieldFormat[legislation]{titleaddon}{#1}

% MAINTITLEADDON
\DeclareFieldFormat{maintitleaddon}{\mkbibbrackets{\bbx@colon@search\MakeSentenceCase*{#1}}}

% NOTE
\DeclareFieldFormat[legmaterial,legadminmaterial,report]{note}{\mkbibparens{#1}}

% BOOKTITLEADDON
\DeclareFieldFormat{booktitleaddon}{\mkbibbrackets{\bbx@colon@search\MakeSentenceCase*{#1}}}

% ISSUETITLE
\DeclareFieldFormat{issuetitle}{#1\isdot}
\DeclareFieldFormat[periodical]{issuetitle}{\mkbibbrackets{#1}}

% ORIGTITLE
\DeclareFieldFormat{origtitle}{\mkbibemph{\bbx@colon@search\MakeSentenceCase*{#1}}\isdot}
\DeclareFieldFormat[article,inbook,incollection,inproceedings,proceedings,presentation]{origtitle}{\bbx@colon@search\MakeSentenceCase*{#1}\isdot}

% VOLUME
\DeclareFieldFormat{volume}{\iffieldundef{maintitle}
                              {\bibcpstring{volume}~\apanum{#1}}
                              {\mkbibemph{\bibcpstring{volume}~\apanum{#1}}}}
\DeclareFieldFormat[article]{volume}{\mkbibemph{\apanum{#1}}}
\DeclareFieldFormat[inproceedings,periodical]{volume}{\mkbibemph{\apanum{#1}}}

% VOLUMES
\DeclareFieldFormat{volumes}{\bibcpstring{volumes}~#1}

% CHAPTER
\DeclareFieldFormat{chapter}{\bibcpstring{chapter}~\apanum{#1}}

% NUMBER
\DeclareFieldFormat{number}{\iffieldundef{volume}
                             {\iffieldint{number}
                               {\bibcpstring{number}~\apanum{#1}}
                               {\apanum{#1}}}
                             {\mkbibemph{\apanum{#1}}}}
\DeclareFieldFormat[report]{number}{\apanum{#1}}
\DeclareFieldFormat[article,periodical,inproceedings]{number}{\mkbibparens{\apanum{#1}}}
\DeclareFieldFormat[reprint]{number}{\mkbibbrackets{\apanum{#1}}}
\DeclareFieldFormat{legmaterialnum}{%
  \ifthenelse{%
    \iffieldequalstr{type}{report}\OR%
    \iffieldequalstr{type}{execorder}}{\bibcpstring{number}~\apanum{#1}}{\apanum{#1}}}
\DeclareFieldFormat[thesis]{number}{%
  \bibcpstring{publication}\setunit{\addspace}\bibcpstring{number}~\apanum{#1}}

% PAGES
\DeclareFieldFormat{pageswithprefix}{\mkpageprefix[bookpagination]{#1}}
\DeclareFieldFormat[inbook,incollection]{pages}{\mkpageprefix[bookpagination]{#1}}
\DeclareFieldFormat[periodical]{pages}{#1}

% PART
\DeclareFieldFormat*{part}{#1}

% ORGANIZATION
\DeclareListFormat[misc]{organization}{%
  \usebibmacro{organization:delim}%
  \mkbibemph{#1}\isdot}

\newbibmacro*{organization:delim}{%
  \ifnumgreater{\value{listcount}}{\value{liststart}}
    {\printdelim[organization]{multilistdelim}}
    {}}

\DeclareDelimFormat[organization]{multilistdelim}{\addcomma\space}


% LOCATION
\DeclareListFormat{publisher}{%
  \usebibmacro{publisher:delim}%
  #1\isdot}
\DeclareListFormat{location}{%
  \usebibmacro{location:delim}%
  #1\isdot}
\DeclareListFormat[periodical]{location}{%
  \usebibmacro{location:delim}%
  \mkbibemph{#1}\isdot}

% NAMEADDON
\DeclareFieldFormat[misc]{nameaddon}{\mkbibparens{#1}}

% VERSION
\DeclareFieldFormat[dataset,software]{version}{\bibcpstring{version}~#1}
\DeclareFieldFormat[online]{version}{\mkbibparens{#1}}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% (APA 9.47) Works by the same author have the full author
%            name, not an eliding dash. Author is always
%            last name first.
% (APA 10.1:4) Ellipsis from 20th position and then nothing until last
% (APA 9.x) Unknown names and dates
% (APA 9.8) Two group authors drop the comma in between

% \printnames does different things depending on whether the format you are
% calling is the default for the name field or is a custom format:
%
%   * Default format (e.g. "labelname" format for printing labelname): no
%     start/stop max/minnames truncation is done first - the format is
%     supposed to do it.
%   * Custom format (e.g. "labelname" format for printing author):
%     max/minnames truncation is done before calling the format so we have
%     to do \printnames[format][-\value{listtotal}]{field} to ensure we get
%     all of the names in the list to work on

\DeclareNameAlias{default}{apaauthor}

\DeclareNameFormat{apaauthor}{%
  \ifthenelse{\value{listcount}=\maxprtauth\AND\value{listcount}<\value{listtotal}}
    {\addcomma\space\ldots\space}
    {\ifthenelse{\value{listcount}>\maxprtauth\AND\value{listcount}<\value{listtotal}}
      {}
      {\usebibmacro{name:apa:family-given}%
         {\namepartfamily}%
         {\namepartgiven}%
         {\namepartgiveni}%
         {\namepartprefix}%
         {\namepartsuffix}}}%
  \ifthenelse{\value{listcount}=\value{listtotal}}%
    {\ifmorenames
       {\printdelim{andothersdelim}%
        \biblcstring{andothers}}
       {}%
     \let\bibstring\bibcplstring
     \usebibmacro{roles}{\addspace}{\mkbibparens}}
    {}}

\DeclareNameFormat{apanames}{%
  \ifthenelse{\value{listcount}=\maxprtauth\AND\value{listcount}<\value{listtotal}}
    {\addcomma\space\ldots\space}
    {\ifthenelse{\value{listcount}>\maxprtauth\AND\value{listcount}<\value{listtotal}}
      {}
      {\usebibmacro{name:apa:given-family}%
         {\namepartfamily}%
         {\namepartgiven}%
         {\namepartgiveni}%
         {\namepartprefix}%
         {\namepartsuffix}}}%
  \ifthenelse{\value{listcount}=\value{listtotal}}%
    {\ifmorenames
       {\printdelim{andothersdelim}%
        \biblcstring{andothers}}
       {}%
     \let\bibstring\bibcplstring
     \usebibmacro{roles}{\addspace}{\@firstofone}}
    {}}

\DeclareDelimFormat[bib,biblist]{nameyeardelim}{\newunitpunct}
\DeclareDelimAlias[bib,biblist]{nonameyeardelim}{nameyeardelim}

\renewbibmacro*{author/editor}{%
  \ifnameundef{author}
    {\ifthenelse{\ifnameundef{editor}\OR\ifentrytype{inbook}}
      {\usebibmacro{title}%
       % need to clear all title fields so we don't get them again later
       \clearfield{title}%
       \clearfield{subtitle}%
       \clearfield{titleaddon}%
       \setunit{\printdelim{nonameyeardelim}}\newblock}
      {\usebibmacro{editorinauthpos}%
       \setunit{\printdelim{nameyeardelim}}\newblock}}
    {\usebibmacro{author}%
     \setunit{\printdelim{nameyeardelim}}\newblock}%
  %
  \usebibmacro{labelyear+extradate}}

\newbibmacro*{author/editor:related}{%
  \ifnameundef{author}
    {\ifthenelse{\ifnameundef{editor}\OR\ifentrytype{inbook}}
      {\usebibmacro{title}%
        % need to clear all title fields so we don't get them again later
        \clearfield{title}%
       \clearfield{subtitle}%
       \clearfield{titleaddon}}
      {\usebibmacro{editorinauthpos:related}}}
    {\usebibmacro{author:related}}}

\newbibmacro*{editorinauthpos}{%
  \printnames[apaauthor][-\value{listtotal}]{editor}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \ifnameundef{editor}
    {}
    {\printtext[parens]{\usebibmacro{apaeditorstrg}{editor}}%
     % need to clear editor so we don't get an "In" clause later
     \clearname{editor}}}

\newbibmacro*{editorinauthpos:related}{%
  \printnames[apanames][-\value{listtotal}]{editor}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \ifnameundef{editor}
    {}
    {\printtext[parens]{\usebibmacro{apaeditorstrg}{editor}}%
     % need to clear editor so we don't get an "In" clause later
     \clearname{editor}}}

\renewbibmacro*{author}{%
  \printnames[apaauthor][-\value{listtotal}]{author}%
  \setunit*{\addspace}%
  \printfield{nameaddon}%
  \ifnameundef{with}
    {}
    {\setunit{\addspace}%
     \printtext[parens]{%
       \bibstring{with}%
       \setunit{\addspace}%
       \printnames[apaauthor][-\value{listtotal}]{with}}%
     \setunit{\addspace}}}

\newbibmacro*{author:related}{%
  \printnames[apanames][-\value{listtotal}]{author}%
  \setunit*{\addspace}}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% (APA 9.8) Author delimiters are ampersands before final author
%           Long author lists
%           Serial comma for lists of three or more
%           Ampersand only (no comma) between two group authors

\DeclareDelimFormat[bib,biblist]{finalnamedelim}{%
  \ifthenelse{\value{listcount}>\maxprtauth}
    {}
    {\ifthenelse{\value{liststop}>2}
       {\finalandcomma\addspace\&\space}
       {\addspace\&\space}}}


%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% (APA 9.47) Use "nodate" bibstring for references with no year
%            Months and days go into parenthesis with year, if set
% (APA 8.13, 10.2) circa or uncertain dates in brackets

% Make sure endmonth gets an expansion too
\DeclareFieldFormat{endmonth}{\mkbibmonth{#1}}

\newbibmacro*{labelyear+extradate}{%
  \iffieldundef{labelyear}
    {\iffieldundef{origyear}
      {}
      {\printtext[apadate]{\printorigdate}}}%
    {\printtext[apadate]{\printlabeldateextra}}}

\DeclareFieldFormat{apadate}{%
  \ifboolexpr{ test {\ifdatecirca} or test {\ifdateuncertain} }
    {\mkbibbrackets{#1}}
    {\mkbibparens{#1}}}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% (APA 10.5) Conference event information

\newbibmacro*{eventinfo}{%
  \printfield{eventtitle}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \printfield{venue}}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% (APA 9.25) No prefix for pages

\DeclareFieldFormat{pages}{#1}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% (APA 9.52) References in a meta-analysis
%            Dates ignore month/day in nonacademic
%            articles

\renewbibmacro*{begentry}{%
  \ifkeyword{meta}{\textsuperscript{*}}{}}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Title and additional post title information

\renewbibmacro*{title}{%
  \ifthenelse{\iffieldundef{title}\AND\iffieldundef{subtitle}}
    {\printfield{titleaddon}}
    {\iffieldundef{origtitle}
      {\printtext[title]{%
        \printfield[apacase]{title}%
        \setunit{\subtitlepunct}%
        \printfield[apacase]{subtitle}}}
      {\printfield{origtitle}%
       \setunit{\addspace}%
       \printtext[brackets]{%
        \printfield[apacase]{title}%
        \setunit{\subtitlepunct}%
        \printfield[apacase]{subtitle}}}%
     \setunit{\addspace}%
     \ifthenelse{\ifentrytype{inbook}\OR\ifentrytype{thesis}}{}{\usebibmacro{addinfo1}}% additional info in parens
     \ifentrytype{thesis}{\usebibmacro{addinfo3}}{}%
     \setunit{\addspace}%
     \printfield{titleaddon}%
     \setunit{\addspace}%
     \usebibmacro{addinfo2}}}%

\newbibmacro*{addinfo1}{%
  \printtexte[parens]{%
    \usebibmacro{editor+trans+narr}%
    \setunit*{\addsemicolon\addspace}%
    \printfield{edition}%
    \setunit*{\addcomma\addspace}%
    \ifthenelse{\ifentrytype{report}\OR%
                \ifentrytype{unpublished}\OR%
                \ifentrytype{dataset}\OR%
                \ifentrytype{software}\OR%
                \ifentrytype{audio}\OR%
                \ifentrytype{patent}\OR%
                \ifentrytype{image}}{\usebibmacro{addinfo3}}{}%
    \setunit*{\addcomma\addspace}%
    \ifentrytype{inbook}{\printfield{pages}}{}%
    \setunit*{\addcomma\addspace}%
    \iffieldundef{maintitle}
      {\ifthenelse{\ifentrytype{book}\OR\ifentrytype{inbook}}{\printfield{volumes}}{}%
       \setunit*{\addcomma\addspace}%
       \ifthenelse{\ifentrytype{book}\OR\ifentrytype{inbook}}{\printfield{volume}}{}}
      {}}}

% Additional post title information in brackets unless it's the meta subtype "nonacademic"
% which is used to conditionalise date formats in the .lbx files
\newbibmacro*{addinfo2}{%
  \printtexte[brackets]{%
   \iffieldequalstr{entrysubtype}{nonacademic}
     {}
     {\iffieldbibstring{entrysubtype}
        {\bibcplstring{\thefield{entrysubtype}}}
        {\printfield{entrysubtype}}}%
    \setunit*{\addsemicolon\addspace}%
    \ifentrytype{report}{}{\printfield{note}}}}

% number/issue information
\newbibmacro*{addinfo3}{%
  \ifentrytype{thesis}
    {\iffieldundef{number}
      {}
      {\printtext[parens]{\printfield{number}}}%
     \setunit{\addspace}%
     \iffieldundef{type}
       {}
       {% Inconsistent - standard thesis types have institution inside the brackts, manual types outside ...
        \ifthenelse{\iffieldequalstr{type}{phdthesis}\OR\iffieldequalstr{type}{mathesis}}
          {\printtext[brackets]{\printfield{type}\setunit*{\addcomma\addspace}\printlist{institution}}}
          {\printtext[brackets]{\printfield{type}}\setunit*{\adddot\addspace}\printlist{institution}}}}
    {\iffieldundef{type}
       {\iffieldundef{issue}
         {\printfield{number}}
         {\printfield{issue}\setunit{\addspace}%
          \iffieldundef{number}
            {}
            {\printfield{number}}}}
       {\printfield{type}\setunit{\addspace}%
        \iffieldundef{number}
          {}
          {\bibcpstring{number}~\printfield{number}}}}% Inconsistent - numbers after type aren't necessarily numbers ...
   \ifthenelse{\ifentrytype{dataset}\OR\ifentrytype{software}}
    {\setunit*{\addsemicolon\addspace}%
     \printfield{version}}
    {}}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% (APA 10.1 Example 6) eprints (eLocator)

\DeclareFieldFormat[article]{eid}{\bibcpstring{jourarticle}~#1}
\DeclareFieldFormat{eprint}{#1}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% (APA 10)   Commas between title and volume for articles
% (APA 10.6) eLocator is part of journal info

\renewbibmacro*{journal+issuetitle}{%
  \usebibmacro{journal}%
  \setunit*{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \printfield{volume}%
  \printfield{number}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \printfield{eid}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{issuename}%
  \newunit}

\newbibmacro*{issuename}{%
  \iffieldundef{issuetitle}
    {}
    {\printtext[issuetitle]{%
       \printfield[noformat]{issuetitle}%
       \setunit{\subtitlepunct}%
       \printfield[noformat]{issuesubtitle}}}}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% "In" precedes editor/trans list, no colon
% Use a flag to track as it could be inserted in more
% than one potential location

\newbibmacro*{in}{%
  \ifbool{bbx@in}%
    {}%
    {\global\booltrue{bbx@in}%
     \bibcpstring{in}\setunit{\space}}}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Names

\newcommand*{\apabbx@ifrole@item}{%
  \xifinlist{item@\currentname @role@\the\value{listcount}}%
            \abx@annotation@defined}

\newtoggle{apabbx:role:item:punct}

\newcommand*{\apabbx@rolelist@item}{}
\forcsvlist{\listadd\apabbx@rolelist@item}{%
  writer,director,execproducer,producer,host,chair,guestexpert}

\newcommand*{\apabbx@printrole@item@i}[1]{%
  \ifitemannotation[\currentname][role]{#1}
    {\iftoggle{apabbx:role:item:punct}
       {\addspace\&\space}
       {}%
     \bibstring{#1}%
     \toggletrue{apabbx:role:item:punct}}
    {}%
}

\newcommand*{\apabbx@printrole@item}{%
  \forlistloop{\apabbx@printrole@item@i}{\apabbx@rolelist@item}}

% Individual name roles
% takes two arguments
% {<pre punct>}{<wrapper>}
\newbibmacro*{role}[2]{%
  \apabbx@ifrole@item
    {#1%
     #2{%
       \togglefalse{apabbx:role:item:punct}%
       \hasitemannotation[\currentname][role]%
         {\getitemannotation[\currentname][role]}
         {\apabbx@printrole@item}}}
    {}%
}

\newcommand*{\apabbx@ifrole@field}{%
  \xifinlist{field@\currentname @role}%
            \abx@annotation@defined}

\newtoggle{apabbx:role:field:punct}

\newcommand*{\apabbx@rolelist@field}{}
\forcsvlist{\listadd\apabbx@rolelist@field}{%
  writers,directors,execproducers,producers,hosts,chairs,guestexperts}

\newcommand*{\apabbx@printrole@field@i}[1]{%
  \iffieldannotation[\currentname][role]{#1}
    {\iftoggle{apabbx:role:field:punct}
       {\addspace\&\space}
       {}%
     \bibstring{#1}%
     \toggletrue{apabbx:role:field:punct}}
    {}%
}

\newcommand*{\apabbx@printrole@field}{%
  \forlistloop{\apabbx@printrole@field@i}{\apabbx@rolelist@field}}

% roles for complete name lists
% takes two arguments
% {<pre punct>}{<wrapper>}
\newbibmacro*{roles}[2]{%
  \apabbx@ifrole@field
    {#1%
     #2{%
       \togglefalse{apabbx:role:field:punct}%
       \hasfieldannotation[\currentname][role]%
         {\getfieldannotation[\currentname][role]}
         {\apabbx@printrole@field}}}
    {}%
}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Name format

\newcommand*{\apablx@ifnotfinalname}{%
  \ifboolexpr{
    test {\ifnumless{\value{listcount}}{\value{liststop}}}
    or
    test \ifmorenames
    }}

\newcommand*{\apablx@ifrevnameappcomma}{%
  \iftoggle{apablx@wantcomma}
    {\apablx@ifnotfinalname}
    {\@secondoftwo}}

\newtoggle{apablx@wantcomma}

% #1 = family name
% #2 = given name
% #3 = given name (initials)
% #4 = name prefix
% #5 = name suffix

\newbibmacro*{name:apa:family-given}[5]{%
  \togglefalse{apablx@wantcomma}%
  \ifuseprefix
    {\usebibmacro{name:delim}{#4#1}%
     \usebibmacro{name:hook}{#4#1}%
     \ifdefvoid{#4}{}{%
       \mkbibnameprefix{#4}\isdot%
       \ifprefchar{}{\bibnamedelimc}}%
     \mkbibnamefamily{#1}\isdot%
     \ifdefvoid{#2}{}{\toggletrue{apablx@wantcomma}%
                      \revsdnamepunct\bibnamedelimd\mkbibnamegiven{#3}\isdot%
                      \ifthenelse{\value{uniquename}>1}
                        {\bibnamedelimd\mkbibbrackets{#2}}
                        {}}%
     \ifdefvoid{#5}{}{\toggletrue{apablx@wantcomma}%
                      \addcomma\bibnamedelimd\mkbibnamesuffix{#5}\isdot}}
    {\usebibmacro{name:delim}{#1}%
     \usebibmacro{name:hook}{#1}%
     \mkbibnamefamily{#1}\isdot
     \ifboolexpe{%
       test {\ifdefvoid{#2}}
       and
       test {\ifdefvoid{#4}}}
       {}
       {\revsdnamepunct}%
     \ifdefvoid{#2}{}{\toggletrue{apablx@wantcomma}%
                      \bibnamedelimd\mkbibnamegiven{#3}%
                      \ifthenelse{\value{uniquename}>1}
                        {\bibnamedelimd\mkbibbrackets{#2}}
                        {}}%
     \ifdefvoid{#4}{}{%
       \toggletrue{apablx@wantcomma}%
       \bibnamedelimc\mkbibnameprefix{#4}%
       \ifprefchar{}{\bibnamedelimc}}%
     \ifdefvoid{#5}{}{\toggletrue{apablx@wantcomma}%
                      \addcomma\bibnamedelimd\mkbibnamesuffix{#5}\isdot}}%
  \let\bibstring\bibcplstring
  \usebibmacro{role}{\addspace}{\mkbibparens}%
  \hasitemannotation[\currentname][username]
    {\addspace\mkbibbrackets{\getitemannotation[\currentname][username]}}
    {}%
  \apablx@ifrevnameappcomma
    {\addcomma}
    {}}

\newbibmacro*{name:apa:given-family}[5]{%
  \usebibmacro{name:delim}{#2#4#1#5}%
  \usebibmacro{name:hook}{#2#4#1#5}%
  \ifdefvoid{#2}{}{\mkbibnamegiven{#3}\isdot%
                   \ifthenelse{\value{uniquename}>1}
                     {\bibnamedelimd\mkbibbrackets{#2}}
                     {}%
                   \bibnamedelimd}%
  \ifdefvoid{#4}{}{%
    \mkbibnameprefix{#4}\isdot
    \ifprefchar{}{\bibnamedelimc}}%
  \mkbibnamefamily{#1}\isdot%
  \ifdefvoid{#5}{}{\bibnamedelimd\mkbibnamesuffix{#5}\isdot}%
  \let\bibstring\bibcpsstring
  \usebibmacro{role}{\addcomma\space}{\@firstofone}}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% (APA 9.10) Role strings in parens after author list
%            Collapse roles if same person
% (APA 10.1 Example 10) Translator
% (APA 10.2 Example 22) Narrator

\newbibmacro*{editor+trans+narr}{%
  \ifthenelse{\ifnameundef{editor}\AND%
              \ifnameundef{editora}\AND%
              \ifnameundef{editorb}\AND%
              \ifnameundef{editorc}\AND%
              \ifnameundef{translator}\AND%
              \ifnameundef{narrator}}%
    {\printtext{}}% Print nothing, so the puncutation tracker is kept informed
    {\ifnamesequal{editor}{translator}%
       {\printnames[apanames][-\value{listtotal}]{editor}%
        \setunit*{\addcomma\addspace}%
        \usebibmacro{apaeditorstrg}{editor}%
        \setunit*{\addspace\&\space}%
        \bibcpstring{translator}}
       {\ifnameundef{editor}%
          {}%
          {\printnames[apanames][-\value{listtotal}]{editor}%
           \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
           \usebibmacro{apaeditorstrg}{editor}%
           \clearname{editor}%
           \setunit{\addsemicolon\space}}%
        \ifnameundef{translator}%
          {\setunit{}}%
          {\printnames[apanames][-\value{listtotal}]{translator}%
           \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
           \bibcpstring{translator}%
           \clearname{translator}%
           \setunit{\addsemicolon\space}}%
        \ifnameundef{narrator}%
          {\setunit{}}%
          {\printnames[apanames][-\value{listtotal}]{narrator}%
           \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
           \bibcpstring{narrator}%
           \clearname{narrator}}}}}

\newbibmacro*{editor+trans}{%
  \ifthenelse{\ifnameundef{editor}\AND%
              \ifnameundef{editora}\AND%
              \ifnameundef{editorb}\AND%
              \ifnameundef{editorc}\AND%
              \ifnameundef{translator}}%
    {\setunit{\adddot\addspace}}%
    {\ifnamesequal{editor}{translator}%
      {\usebibmacro{in}%
       \printnames[apanames][-\value{listtotal}]{editor}%
       \setunit{\addspace}%
       \printtext[parens]{%
         \usebibmacro{apaeditorstrg}{editor}%
         \setunit*{\addspace\&\space}%
         \bibcpstring{translator}}}
      {\ifnameundef{translator}%
        {}%
        {\setunit{\addspace}%
         \printtext[parens]{\printnames[apanames][-\value{listtotal}]{translator}%
           \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
           \bibcpstring{translator}}%
         \clearname{translator}%
         \setunit{\adddot\addspace}}%
       \usebibmacro{in}%
       \usebibmacro{editorx}}%
     \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}}}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Special journal issues are periodicals

\newbibmacro*{periodical:delim}{%
  \ifnumgreater{\value{listcount}}{\value{liststart}}
    {\printdelim[periodical]{multilistdelim}}
    {}}
 
\renewbibmacro*{periodical}{%
  \iffieldundef{title}
    {}
    {\printtext[title]{%
       \printfield[apacase]{title}%
       \setunit{\subtitlepunct}%
       \printfield[apacase]{subtitle}}}}

\renewbibmacro*{title+issuetitle}{%
  \usebibmacro{periodical}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printfield{issuetitle}}%

\newbibmacro*{pnumber}{%
  \printfield{volume}%
  \printfield{number}}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% (APA 10.1 Example 10) Original year

% Only give ORIGYEAR in references if both:
%   YEAR is also given
%   YEAR and ORIGYEAR are different

\newbibmacro*{origyear}{%
  \ifboolexpr{%
    not test {\iffieldundef{origyear}}
    not test {\iffieldundef{labelyear}}
    and not test {\iffieldsequal{labelyear}{origyear}}}
    {\printtext[parens]{%
       \bibcpstring{origyear}
       \setunit{\addnbspace}%
       \printorigdate}%
     \renewcommand*{\finentrypunct}{\relax}}
    {}}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% (APA 10.3) Reference work references

\renewbibmacro*{maintitle+title}{%
  \iffieldsequal{maintitle}{title}
    {\clearfield{maintitle}%
     \clearfield{mainsubtitle}%
     \clearfield{maintitleaddon}}
    {\iffieldundef{maintitle}
      {}
      {\usebibmacro{maintitle}%
       \iffieldundef{volume}
         {\newunit\newblock}
         {\setunit{\addcolon\space}\printfield{volume}%
          \printfield{part}%
          \setunit{\adddot\space}}}}%
  \usebibmacro{title}%
  \newunit}

\renewbibmacro*{maintitle+booktitle}{%
  \ifthenelse{\iffieldundef{maintitle}\AND\iffieldundef{booktitle}}
    {}
    {\ifbool{bbx@doneed}
        {\setunit{\addcomma\addspace}}
        {\usebibmacro{in}%
          \setunit{\addspace}}%
     \iffieldundef{maintitle}
      {}
      {\usebibmacro{maintitle}%
       \newunit\newblock
       \iffieldundef{volume}
         {}
         {\setunit{\addcolon\space}\printfield{volume}%
          \printfield{part}%
          \setunit{\adddot\addspace}}}%
     \usebibmacro{booktitle}%
     \setunit{\addspace}%
     \usebibmacro{addinfo1}}}

\renewbibmacro*{maintitle}{%
  \ifthenelse{\iffieldundef{maintitle}\AND\iffieldundef{mainsubtitle}}
    {}
    {\printtext[maintitle]{%
       \printfield[apacase]{maintitle}%
       \setunit{\subtitlepunct}%
       \printfield[apacase]{mainsubtitle}}%
    \setunit{\addspace}}
  \printfield{maintitleaddon}}

\renewbibmacro*{booktitle}{%
  \ifthenelse{\iffieldundef{booktitle}\AND\iffieldundef{booksubtitle}}
    {}
    {\printtext[booktitle]{%
       \printfield[apacase]{booktitle}%
       \setunit{\subtitlepunct}%
       \printfield[apacase]{booksubtitle}}%
     \setunit{\addspace}}%
  \printfield{booktitleaddon}}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  Colon separates title/subtitle
%  Skip if following terminating punctuation

\renewcommand*{\subtitlepunct}{\ifterm{}{\addcolon}\space}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% (APA 10.2.24) Multiple publishers, semi-colon sep

\newbibmacro*{publisher:delim}{%
  \ifnumgreater{\value{listcount}}{\value{liststart}}
    {\printdelim[publisher]{multilistdelim}}
    {}}

\DeclareDelimFormat[publisher]{multilistdelim}{\addsemicolon\space}
\DeclareDelimFormat[publisher]{finallistdelim}{\addsemicolon\space}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% (APA 10.10) Software

\newbibmacro*{appentry}{%
  \iffieldundef{appentry}
    {\newunit\newblock}
    {\printfield[apacase]{appentry}%
     \newunit\newblock
     \usebibmacro{in}%
     \setunit{\addspace}}}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% (APA 10.1 Example 18) Comment on article

\newcommand*{\begrelateddelimcommenton}{\addspace}
\DeclareFieldFormat{related:commenton}{\def\bibstring{\blx@imc@bibcpstring}\mkbibbrackets{#1}}

\newbibmacro*{related:commenton}[1]{%
  \entrydata*{#1}{%
    \printtext{\mkbibquote{\printfield[apacase]{title}}}}}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% (APA 10.7) Reviews - role strings need to be the
%                      short versions in reviews

\DeclareFieldFormat{reviewtitle}{%
  \iffieldequalstr{entrysubtype}{tvepisode}
    {\mkbibquote{\bbx@colon@search\MakeSentenceCase*{#1}}}
    {\bbx@colon@search\MakeSentenceCase*{#1}}}

\newcommand*{\begrelateddelimreviewof}{\addspace}
\DeclareFieldFormat{related:reviewof}{\def\bibstring{\blx@imc@bibcpsstring}\mkbibbrackets{#1}}

\newbibmacro*{related:reviewof}[1]{%
  \entrydata*{#1}{%
    \printtext{\mkbibemph{%
                 \printfield[reviewtitle]{title}%
                 \iffieldundef{subtitle}
                   {}
                   {\setunit{\addcolon\addspace}%
                    \printfield[reviewtitle]{subtitle}}}%
               \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
               \biblstring{byauthor}%
               \setunit{\addspace}%
               \usebibmacro{author/editor:related}}}}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% (APA 10.13) Audio

\newbibmacro*{mainaudio}{%
  \iffieldundef{maintitle}{}
    {\ifthenelse{\iffieldequalstr{entrysubtype}{podcastepisode}\OR\iffieldequalstr{entrysubtype}{videopodcastepisode}}
       {\bibcpstring{in}}
       {\bibcpstring{on}}%
     \setunit{\addspace}%
     \printfield{maintitle}}}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% (APA 10.12) Audiovisual

\newbibmacro*{mainvideo}{%
  \iffieldundef{maintitle}
    {}
    {\usebibmacro{in}%
     \printnames[apanames][-\value{listtotal}]{execproducer}%
     \setunit{\addspace}%
     \ifthenelse{\the\c@execproducer=1}%
       {\bibcplstring[\mkbibparens]{execproducer}}
       {\bibcplstring[\mkbibparens]{execproducers}}%
     \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
     \printfield{maintitle}}}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Related entries
%
% Have to force capitlisation bibstring variant because the delim
% has no printable char and this breaks default capitalisation

% Suppress final period after reprints in parens
\renewbibmacro*{endrelated}{%
  \iffieldequalstr{relatedtype}{reprintfrom}
    {\renewcommand*{\finentrypunct}{\relax}}
    {}}

\newcommand*{\begrelateddelimreprintfrom}{\addperiod\addspace}

% Some APA related entries are just after title, some are at the end of
% the entry. This is for those after the title
\newbibmacro*{apa:related}{%
  \iffieldundef{related}
    {}
    {\ifthenelse{\iffieldequalstr{relatedtype}{reviewof}\OR%
                 \iffieldequalstr{relatedtype}{commenton}}
       {\usebibmacro{related:init}%
        \usebibmacro{related}%
        \togglefalse{bbx:related}}% disable default related expansion later on
       {}}}

\DeclareFieldFormat{related:reprintfrom}{\let\bibstring\bibcpstring\mkbibparens{#1}}

\renewbibmacro*{related:reprintfrom}[1]{%
  \entrydata*{#1}{%
    \ifentrytype{article}
      {\mkbibquote{%
         \printfield[apacase]{title}%
         \setunit{\subtitlepunct}%
         \printfield[apacase]{subtitle}}%
       \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
       \printlabeldateextra
       \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
       \usebibmacro{journal}%
       \setunit*{\addcomma\addspace}%
       \printfield{volume}%
       \printfield[reprint]{number}%
       \setunit*{\addcomma\addspace}%
       \usebibmacro{eprint}%
       \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
       \iffieldundef{issuetitle}
         {}
         {\printtext[issuetitle]{%
            \printfield[noformat]{issuetitle}%
            \setunit{\subtitlepunct}%
            \printfield[noformat]{issuesubtitle}}}%
       \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
       \printfield{pages}%
       \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
       \printfield{note}%
       \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
       \usebibmacro{location+publisher}%
       \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
       \usebibmacro{doi+url}%
       \setunit{}}
   {\ifthenelse{\ifentrytype{book}\OR\ifentrytype{inbook}}
      {\mkbibemph{%
         \iffieldundef{booktitle}
           {\iffieldundef{title}
             {}
             {\printfield[apacase]{title}%
              \setunit{\subtitlepunct}%
              \printfield[apacase]{subtitle}}}
           {\printfield[apacase]{booktitle}%
            \setunit{\subtitlepunct}%
            \printfield[apacase]{booksubtitle}}}%
       \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
       \printfield[pageswithprefix]{pages}%
       \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
       \ifthenelse{\ifnameundef{author}\OR%
                   \ifnamesequal{author}{savedauthor}}
         {}
         {\biblstring{byauthor}\space%
          \printnames[apanames][-\value{listtotal}]{author}%
          \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}}%
       \ifthenelse{\ifnameundef{editor}}
         {}
         {\biblstring{byauthor}\space%
          \printnames[apanames][-\value{listtotal}]{editor}%
          \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
          \usebibmacro{apaeditorstrg}{editor}}%
       \ifthenelse{\ifnameundef{translator}}
         {}
         {\printnames[apanames][-\value{listtotal}]{translator}%
          \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
          \bibcpstring{translator}}%
       \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
       \printlabeldateextra
       \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
       \usebibmacro{location+publisher}%
       \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
       \usebibmacro{doi+url}%
       \setunit{}}
     {}}}}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% (APA 9.51) Annotations

\newtoggle{bbx:annotation}
\DeclareBiblatexOption{global,type,entry}[boolean]{annotation}[true]{%
  \settoggle{bbx:annotation}{#1}}
\ExecuteBibliographyOptions{annotation=true}

\long\def\blxapa@appunit#1{%
  \iftoggle{blx@keepunit}
    {}
    {\gappto\blx@unitpunct{#1}%
     \global\toggletrue{blx@unit}}}

\renewbibmacro*{annotation}{%
  \iftoggle{bbx:annotation}
    {\begingroup
     \togglefalse{blx@bibliography}%
     \blxapa@appunit{\newline}%
     \iffieldundef{annotation}
       {\printfile[annotation]{\bibannotationprefix\thefield{entrykey}.tex}}
       {\printfield{annotation}}%
     \endgroup}
    {}}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% (APA 11.4) Court cases

\newtoggle{apa:courtdate}

\DeclareListFormat{citation}{%
  \global\toggletrue{apa:courtdate}%
  \hasitemannotation[\currentlist][citeorg]%
    {#1\addspace\mkbibparens{\getitemannotation[\currentlist][citeorg]%
     \hasitemannotation[\currentlist][citedate]
       {\addspace\getitemannotation[\currentlist][citedate]%
         \global\togglefalse{apa:courtdate}} % disable normal date printing if it's in the citation info
       {}}}
    {\ifitemannotation[\currentlist][citeinfo]{appeal}
       {\mkbibemph{#1}}
       {#1}}%
  \ifthenelse{\value{listcount}<\value{liststop}}
    {\addcomma\addspace}
    {}}

\DeclareFieldFormat{courtdate}{%
  % disable normal date printing if it's in the citation info
  \iftoggle{apa:courtdate}
    {\iflistundef{organization}
      {\mkbibparens{#1}}
      {\mkbibparens{%
         \printlist{organization}\space #1}}}
    {}}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% (APA 11.5) Statutes

\newbibmacro*{statdate}{%
  \iffieldundef{origyear}
    {\printtext[parens]{\printlabeldateextra}}
    {\printtext[parens]{\printorigdate%
                        \addspace\&\addspace rev\adddot\addspace\printlabeldateextra}}}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% (APA 11.6) Legislative Material and Admin Material

\newbibmacro*{location:delim}{%
  \ifnumgreater{\value{listcount}}{\value{liststart}}
    {\printdelim[location]{multilistdelim}}
    {}}

\DeclareDelimFormat[location]{multilistdelim}{\addcomma\space}
\DeclareDelimFormat[location]{finallistdelim}{\addcomma\space}

\newbibmacro*{legmattitle}{%
  \iffieldundef{title}
    {\ifbibxstring{\thefield{source}}{\bibcpsstring{\thefield{source}}}{}%
     \setunit*{\addspace}%
     \bibcpsstring{\thefield{type}}%
     \setunit*{\addspace}%
     \printfield[legmaterialnum]{number}}
    {\printfield{title}%
     \setunit*{\addcolon\addspace}\newblock
     \printfield{subtitle}}}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% (APA 10.x) General entrytype drivers

% Custom driver to make a cleaner example for 9.44
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{nameonly}{%
  \usebibmacro{begentry}%
  \printnames[apaauthor][-\value{listtotal}]{author}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{article}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{begentry}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \printunit{\printdelim{nametitledelim}}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{title}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{apa:related}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{journal+issuetitle}%
  \setunit{\bibpagespunct}%
  \printfield{pages}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printfield{howpublished}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{doi+url}%
  \newblock
  \usebibmacro{origyear}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock
  \iftoggle{bbx:related}
    {\usebibmacro{related:init}%
     \usebibmacro{related}}
    {}%
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{annotation}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{audio}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{begentry}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \setunit{\printdelim{nametitledelim}}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{title}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{apa:related}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{mainaudio}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{location+publisher}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{doi+url}%
  \newblock
  \usebibmacro{origyear}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock
  \iftoggle{bbx:related}
    {\usebibmacro{related:init}%
     \usebibmacro{related}}
    {}%
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{annotation}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{book}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{begentry}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \setunit{\printdelim{nametitledelim}}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{maintitle+title}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printlist{publisher}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{doi+url}%
  \newblock
  \usebibmacro{origyear}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{bbx:related}
    {\usebibmacro{related:init}%
     \usebibmacro{related}}
    {}%
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{annotation}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{constitution}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{begentry}%
  \bibcpsstring{\thefield{source}}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock
  \bibcpsstring{\thefield{type}}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock
  \iffieldundef{amendment}{}{\bibsstring{amendment}\setunit{\addspace}\printfield{amendment}}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}\newblock
  \iffieldundef{article}{}{\bibsstring{article}\setunit{\addspace}\printfield{article}}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}\newblock
  \iffieldundef{section}{}{\bibsstring{section}\setunit{\addspace}\printfield{section}}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}\newblock
  \iffieldundef{part}{}{\bibsstring{paragraph}\setunit{\addspace}\printfield{part}}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock
  \ifkeyword{repealed}{\printtext[parens]{\biblcsstring{repealed}\setunit{\addspace}\printeventdate}}{}%
  \usebibmacro{doi+url}%
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{annotation}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{dataset}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{begentry}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \setunit{\printdelim{nametitledelim}}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{title}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printfield{type}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printlist{organization}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{location+publisher}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printlist{institution}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{doi+url}%
  \newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{bbx:related}
    {\usebibmacro{related:init}%
     \usebibmacro{related}}
    {}%
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{annotation}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{image}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{begentry}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \setunit{\printdelim{nametitledelim}}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{title}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{location+publisher}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{doi+url}%
  \newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{bbx:related}
    {\usebibmacro{related:init}%
     \usebibmacro{related}}
    {}%
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{annotation}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{inbook}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{begentry}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \setunit{\printdelim{nametitledelim}}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{title}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{apa:related}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{editor+trans}%
  \newblock
  \usebibmacro{maintitle+booktitle}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printlist{publisher}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{doi+url}%
  \newblock
  \usebibmacro{origyear}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{bbx:related}
    {\usebibmacro{related:init}%
     \usebibmacro{related}}
    {}%
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{annotation}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{jurisdiction}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{begentry}%
  \printfield{title}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}\newblock
  \printlist{citation}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock
  \printtext[courtdate]{\printlabeldate}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{doi+url}%
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{annotation}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{legal}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{begentry}%
  \printfield{title}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printfield{titleaddon}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}\newblock
  \printlabeldate%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{doi+url}%
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{annotation}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{legislation}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{begentry}%
  \printfield{title}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printfield{titleaddon}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}\newblock
  \printlist{location}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{statdate}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{doi+url}%
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{annotation}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{legadminmaterial}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{begentry}%
  \usebibmacro{legmattitle}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}\newblock
  \printlist{citation}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock
  \printtext[parens]{\ifkeyword{proposed}{\bibstring{proposed}\space}{}\printlabeldate}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock
  \printfield{note}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{doi+url}%
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{annotation}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{legmaterial}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{begentry}%
  \usebibmacro{legmattitle}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}\newblock
  \printlist{location}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock
  \printtext[parens]{\printlabeldate}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock
  \printfield{note}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{doi+url}%
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{annotation}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{manual}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{begentry}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \setunit{\printdelim{nametitledelim}}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{title}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printfield{type}%
  \newunit
  \printfield{version}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printlist{organization}%
  \newunit
  \usebibmacro{location+publisher}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{doi+url}%
  \newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{bbx:related}
    {\usebibmacro{related:init}%
     \usebibmacro{related}}
    {}%
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{annotation}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{misc}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{begentry}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \setunit{\printdelim{nametitledelim}}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{title}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{apa:related}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printlist{organization}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{doi+url}%
  \newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{bbx:related}
    {\usebibmacro{related:init}%
     \usebibmacro{related}}
    {}%
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{annotation}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{online}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{begentry}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \setunit{\printdelim{nametitledelim}}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{title}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock
  \printfield{version}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{apa:related}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{eprint}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printlist{organization}%
  \addperiod\addspace
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{doi+url}%
  \newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{bbx:related}
    {\usebibmacro{related:init}%
     \usebibmacro{related}}
    {}%
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{annotation}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{patent}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{begentry}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \setunit{\printdelim{nametitledelim}}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{title}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{apa:related}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{location+publisher}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{doi+url}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{bbx:related}
    {\usebibmacro{related:init}%
     \usebibmacro{related}}
    {}%
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{periodical}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{begentry}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \setunit{\printdelim{nametitledelim}}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{title+issuetitle}%
  \setunit{\adddot\addspace}
  \usebibmacro{journal}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}
  \printlist{location}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}
  \usebibmacro{pnumber}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}
  \printfield{pages}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{doi+url}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{bbx:related}
    {\usebibmacro{related:init}%
     \usebibmacro{related}}
    {}%
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{annotation}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{presentation}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{begentry}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \setunit{\printdelim{nametitledelim}}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{title}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{apa:related}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{editor+trans}%
  \setunit*{\addcomma\addspace}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{maintitle+booktitle}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{eventinfo}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printlist{organization}%
  \newunit
  \usebibmacro{location+publisher}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printfield{pages}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{origyear}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{doi+url}%
  \newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{bbx:related}
    {\usebibmacro{related:init}%
     \usebibmacro{related}}
    {}%
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{annotation}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{report}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{begentry}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \setunit{\printdelim{nametitledelim}}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{title}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock
  \printfield{note}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{apa:related}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printlist{institution}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{location+publisher}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{doi+url}%
  \newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{bbx:related}
    {\usebibmacro{related:init}%
     \usebibmacro{related}}
    {}%
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{annotation}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{software}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{begentry}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \setunit{\printdelim{nametitledelim}}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{appentry}%
  \usebibmacro{title}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{location+publisher}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{doi+url}%
  \newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{bbx:related}
    {\usebibmacro{related:init}%
     \usebibmacro{related}}
    {}%
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{annotation}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{thesis}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{begentry}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \setunit{\printdelim{nametitledelim}}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{title}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printlist{publisher}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{doi+url}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{bbx:related}
    {\usebibmacro{related:init}%
     \usebibmacro{related}}
    {}%
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{annotation}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{unpublished}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{begentry}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \setunit{\printdelim{nametitledelim}}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{title}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{apa:related}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printfield{howpublished}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printfield{venue}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}
  \printlist{institution}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{doi+url}%
  \newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{bbx:related}
    {\usebibmacro{related:init}%
     \usebibmacro{related}}
    {}%
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{annotation}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{video}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{begentry}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \setunit{\printdelim{nametitledelim}}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{title}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{apa:related}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{mainvideo}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{location+publisher}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{doi+url}%
  \newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{bbx:related}
    {\usebibmacro{related:init}%
     \usebibmacro{related}}
    {}%
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{annotation}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Modified, common macros

\newbibmacro*{editorx}{%
  \ifnameundef{editor}
    {}
    {\printnames[apanames][-\value{listtotal}]{editor}%
     \setunit{\addspace}%
     \printtext[parens]{\usebibmacro{apaeditorstrg}{editor}}
     \clearname{editor}%
     \booltrue{bbx@doneed}%
     \newunit}%
  \ifnameundef{editora}
    {}
    {\printnames[apanames][-\value{listtotal}]{editora}%
     \setunit{\addspace}%
     \printtext[parens]{\usebibmacro{apaeditorstrg}{editora}}
     \clearname{editora}%
     \booltrue{bbx@doneed}%
     \newunit}%
  \ifnameundef{editorb}
    {}
    {\printnames[apanames][-\value{listtotal}]{editorb}%
     \setunit{\addspace}%
     \printtext[parens]{\usebibmacro{apaeditorstrg}{editorb}}
     \clearname{editorb}%
     \booltrue{bbx@doneed}%
     \newunit}%
  \ifnameundef{editorc}
    {}
    {\printnames[apanames][-\value{listtotal}]{editorc}%
     \setunit{\addspace}%
     \printtext[parens]{\usebibmacro{apaeditorstrg}{editorc}}
     \clearname{editorc}%
     \booltrue{bbx@doneed}%
     \newunit}}

\newbibmacro*{apaeditorstrg}[1]{%
  \iffieldundef{#1type}
    {\ifthenelse{\value{#1}>1\OR\ifandothers{#1}}
       {\bibcpstring{editors}}
       {\bibcpstring{editor}}}
    {\ifthenelse{\value{#1}>1\OR\ifandothers{#1}}
         {\bibcpstring{\thefield{#1type}s}}
         {\bibcpstring{\thefield{#1type}}}}}



%(APA 9.35) No periods after URLS and DOIs
% we'll override a global url option for for @online entries
\ExecuteBibliographyOptions[online]{url=true}

\DeclareFieldFormat{doi}{%
  \ifhyperref
    {\href{https://doi.org/#1}{\nolinkurl{https://doi.org/#1}}}
    {\nolinkurl{https://doi.org/#1}}%
  \nopunct}

\DeclareFieldFormat{url}{\url{#1}\nopunct}

\DeclareFieldFormat{urldate}{%
  \bibstring{retrieved}\space#1%
  \urldatecomma\bibstring{from}}

\newbibmacro*{doi+url}{%
  \ifboolexpr{          test {\iffieldundef{doi}}
                 or not togl {bbx:doi}}
    {\ifboolexpr{       test {\iffieldundef{url}}
                 or not togl {bbx:url}}
       {\newunit}
       {\usebibmacro{url+urldate}%
        \setunit{\addspace}}}
    {\printfield{doi}%
     \setunit{\addspace}}}

\renewbibmacro*{url+urldate}{%
  \ifthenelse{\iffieldundef{url}\OR\NOT\iffieldundef{doi}}
    {}
    {\iffieldundef{urlyear}
      {}
      {\printurldate
       \setunit{\addspace}}%
     \printfield{url}}}

\newbibmacro*{location+publisher}{%
  \printlist{location}%
  \setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
  \printlist{publisher}}

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Unchanged from authoryear-comp

\DeclareBibliographyOption{dashed}[true]{%
  \ifstrequal{#1}{true}
    {\ExecuteBibliographyOptions{pagetracker}%
     \renewbibmacro*{bbx:savehash}{\savefield{fullhash}{\bbx@lasthash}}}
    {\ExecuteBibliographyOptions{pagetracker=false}%
     \renewbibmacro*{bbx:savehash}{}}}

\DeclareFieldFormat{shorthandwidth}{#1}
\setlength{\bibitemsep}{0pt}

\defbibenvironment{bibliography}
  {\list
     {}
     {\setlength{\leftmargin}{\bibhang}%
      \setlength{\itemindent}{-\leftmargin}%
      \setlength{\itemsep}{\bibitemsep}%
      \setlength{\parsep}{\bibparsep}}}
  {\endlist}
  {\item}

\defbibenvironment{shorthands}
  {\list
     {\printfield[shorthandwidth]{shorthand}}
     {\setlength{\labelwidth}{\shorthandwidth}%
      \setlength{\leftmargin}{\labelwidth}%
      \setlength{\labelsep}{\biblabelsep}%
      \addtolength{\leftmargin}{\labelsep}%
      \setlength{\itemsep}{\bibitemsep}%
      \setlength{\parsep}{\bibparsep}%
      \renewcommand*{\makelabel}[1]{##1\hss}}}
  {\endlist}
  {\item}

\InitializeBibliographyStyle{%
  \global\undef\bbx@lasthash}

\newbibmacro*{bbx:savehash}{%
  \savefield{fullhash}{\bbx@lasthash}}

\newbool{bbx@inset}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{set}{%
  \booltrue{bbx@inset}%
  \entryset{}{}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{setpageref}%
  \finentry}

\endinput
