=encoding utf8

=head1 NAME

Mail::Box::MH::Message - one message in an MH-folder

=head1 INHERITANCE

 Mail::Box::MH::Message
   is a Mail::Box::Dir::Message
   is a Mail::Box::Message
   is a Mail::Message
   is a Mail::Reporter

=head1 SYNOPSIS

 my $folder = new Mail::Box::MH ...
 my $message = $folder->message(10);

=head1 DESCRIPTION

A C<Mail::Box::MH::Message> represents one message in an
L<Mail::Box::MH|Mail::Box::MH> folder . Each message is stored in a separate file,
as for all L<Mail::Box::Dir|Mail::Box::Dir> folder types.

Extends L<"DESCRIPTION" in Mail::Box::Dir::Message|Mail::Box::Dir::Message/"DESCRIPTION">.
 
=head1 METHODS

Extends L<"METHODS" in Mail::Box::Dir::Message|Mail::Box::Dir::Message/"METHODS">.
 
=head2 Constructors

Extends L<"Constructors" in Mail::Box::Dir::Message|Mail::Box::Dir::Message/"Constructors">.
 
=over 4

=item $obj-E<gt>B<clone>(%options)

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"Constructors">

=item Mail::Box::MH::Message-E<gt>B<new>(%options)

Inherited, see L<Mail::Box::Dir::Message/"METHODS">

=back

=head2 Constructing a message

Extends L<"Constructing a message" in Mail::Box::Dir::Message|Mail::Box::Dir::Message/"Constructing a message">.
 
=over 4

=item $obj-E<gt>B<bounce>( [<$rg_object|%options>] )

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message::Construct::Bounce/"Constructing a message">

=item Mail::Box::MH::Message-E<gt>B<build>( [$message|$part|$body], $content )

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message::Construct::Build/"Constructing a message">

=item Mail::Box::MH::Message-E<gt>B<buildFromBody>($body, [$head], $headers)

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message::Construct::Build/"Constructing a message">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<forward>(%options)

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message::Construct::Forward/"Constructing a message">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<forwardAttach>(%options)

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message::Construct::Forward/"Constructing a message">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<forwardEncapsulate>(%options)

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message::Construct::Forward/"Constructing a message">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<forwardInline>(%options)

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message::Construct::Forward/"Constructing a message">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<forwardNo>(%options)

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message::Construct::Forward/"Constructing a message">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<forwardPostlude>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message::Construct::Forward/"Constructing a message">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<forwardPrelude>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message::Construct::Forward/"Constructing a message">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<forwardSubject>(STRING)

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message::Construct::Forward/"Constructing a message">

=item Mail::Box::MH::Message-E<gt>B<read>($fh|STRING|SCALAR|ARRAY, %options)

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message::Construct::Read/"Constructing a message">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<rebuild>(%options)

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message::Construct::Rebuild/"Constructing a message">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<reply>(%options)

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message::Construct::Reply/"Constructing a message">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<replyPrelude>( [STRING|$field|$address|ARRAY-$of-$things] )

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message::Construct::Reply/"Constructing a message">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<replySubject>(STRING)

=item Mail::Box::MH::Message-E<gt>B<replySubject>(STRING)

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message::Construct::Reply/"Constructing a message">

=back

=head2 The message

Extends L<"The message" in Mail::Box::Dir::Message|Mail::Box::Dir::Message/"The message">.
 
=over 4

=item $obj-E<gt>B<container>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"The message">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<copyTo>($folder, %options)

Inherited, see L<Mail::Box::Message/"The message">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<filename>( [$filename] )

Inherited, see L<Mail::Box::Dir::Message/"The message">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<folder>( [$folder] )

Inherited, see L<Mail::Box::Message/"The message">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<isDummy>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"The message">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<isPart>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"The message">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<messageId>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"The message">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<moveTo>($folder, %options)

Inherited, see L<Mail::Box::Message/"The message">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<partNumber>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"The message">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<print>( [$fh] )

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"The message">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<send>( [$mailer], %options )

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"The message">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<seqnr>( [$integer] )

The order of this message in the folder, counted from zero.  Do not
change the number (unless you understand the implications).

WARNING:  This sequence number has nothing to do with the message's
filename, which in case of MH folders are also numbers!  If you need
that one, use the File::Basename subroutine basename of the filename.

=item $obj-E<gt>B<size>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"The message">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<toplevel>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"The message">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<write>( [$fh] )

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"The message">

=back

=head2 The header

Extends L<"The header" in Mail::Box::Dir::Message|Mail::Box::Dir::Message/"The header">.
 
=over 4

=item $obj-E<gt>B<bcc>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"The header">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<cc>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"The header">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<date>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"The header">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<destinations>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"The header">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<from>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"The header">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<get>($fieldname)

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"The header">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<guessTimestamp>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"The header">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<head>( [$head] )

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"The header">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<nrLines>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"The header">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<sender>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"The header">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<study>($fieldname)

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"The header">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<subject>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"The header">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<timestamp>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"The header">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<to>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"The header">

=back

=head2 The body

Extends L<"The body" in Mail::Box::Dir::Message|Mail::Box::Dir::Message/"The body">.
 
=over 4

=item $obj-E<gt>B<body>( [$body] )

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"The body">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<contentType>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"The body">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<decoded>(%options)

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"The body">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<encode>(%options)

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"The body">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<isMultipart>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"The body">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<isNested>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"The body">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<parts>( [<'ALL'|'ACTIVE'|'DELETED'|'RECURSE'|$filter>] )

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"The body">

=back

=head2 Flags

Extends L<"Flags" in Mail::Box::Dir::Message|Mail::Box::Dir::Message/"Flags">.
 
=over 4

=item $obj-E<gt>B<delete>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"Flags">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<deleted>( [BOOLEAN] )

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"Flags">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<isDeleted>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"Flags">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<isModified>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"Flags">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<label>($label|PAIRS)

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"Flags">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<labels>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"Flags">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<labelsToStatus>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"Flags">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<modified>( [BOOLEAN] )

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"Flags">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<statusToLabels>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"Flags">

=back

=head2 The whole message as text

Extends L<"The whole message as text" in Mail::Box::Dir::Message|Mail::Box::Dir::Message/"The whole message as text">.
 
=over 4

=item $obj-E<gt>B<file>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message::Construct::Text/"The whole message as text">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<lines>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message::Construct::Text/"The whole message as text">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<printStructure>( [$fh|undef],[$indent] )

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message::Construct::Text/"The whole message as text">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<string>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message::Construct::Text/"The whole message as text">

=back

=head2 Internals

Extends L<"Internals" in Mail::Box::Dir::Message|Mail::Box::Dir::Message/"Internals">.
 
=over 4

=item $obj-E<gt>B<clonedFrom>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"Internals">

=item Mail::Box::MH::Message-E<gt>B<coerce>($message, %options)

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"Internals">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<create>($filename)

Inherited, see L<Mail::Box::Dir::Message/"Internals">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<diskDelete>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Box::Message/"Internals">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<isDelayed>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"Internals">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<loadBody>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Box::Dir::Message/"Internals">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<loadHead>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Box::Dir::Message/"Internals">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<parser>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Box::Dir::Message/"Internals">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<readBody>( $parser, $head, [$bodytype] )

Inherited, see L<Mail::Box::Message/"Internals">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<readFromParser>( $parser, [$bodytype] )

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"Internals">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<readHead>( $parser, [$class] )

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"Internals">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<recursiveRebuildPart>($part, %options)

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message::Construct::Rebuild/"Internals">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<storeBody>($body)

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"Internals">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<takeMessageId>( [STRING] )

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"Internals">

=back

=head2 Error handling

Extends L<"Error handling" in Mail::Box::Dir::Message|Mail::Box::Dir::Message/"Error handling">.
 
=over 4

=item $obj-E<gt>B<AUTOLOAD>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message::Construct/"METHODS">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<addReport>($object)

Inherited, see L<Mail::Reporter/"Error handling">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<defaultTrace>( [$level]|[$loglevel, $tracelevel]|[$level, $callback] )

=item Mail::Box::MH::Message-E<gt>B<defaultTrace>( [$level]|[$loglevel, $tracelevel]|[$level, $callback] )

Inherited, see L<Mail::Reporter/"Error handling">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<errors>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Reporter/"Error handling">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<log>( [$level, [$strings]] )

=item Mail::Box::MH::Message-E<gt>B<log>( [$level, [$strings]] )

Inherited, see L<Mail::Reporter/"Error handling">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<logPriority>($level)

=item Mail::Box::MH::Message-E<gt>B<logPriority>($level)

Inherited, see L<Mail::Reporter/"Error handling">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<logSettings>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Reporter/"Error handling">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<notImplemented>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Reporter/"Error handling">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<report>( [$level] )

Inherited, see L<Mail::Reporter/"Error handling">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<reportAll>( [$level] )

Inherited, see L<Mail::Reporter/"Error handling">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<shortSize>( [$value] )

=item Mail::Box::MH::Message-E<gt>B<shortSize>( [$value] )

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"Error handling">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<shortString>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Message/"Error handling">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<trace>( [$level] )

Inherited, see L<Mail::Reporter/"Error handling">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<warnings>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Reporter/"Error handling">

=back

=head2 Cleanup

Extends L<"Cleanup" in Mail::Box::Dir::Message|Mail::Box::Dir::Message/"Cleanup">.
 
=over 4

=item $obj-E<gt>B<DESTROY>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Reporter/"Cleanup">

=item $obj-E<gt>B<destruct>()

Inherited, see L<Mail::Box::Message/"Cleanup">

=back

=head1 DETAILS

Extends L<"DETAILS" in Mail::Box::Dir::Message|Mail::Box::Dir::Message/"DETAILS">.
 
=head2 Structure of a Message

Extends L<"Structure of a Message" in Mail::Box::Dir::Message|Mail::Box::Dir::Message/"Structure of a Message">.
 
=head2 Message object implementation

Extends L<"Message object implementation" in Mail::Box::Dir::Message|Mail::Box::Dir::Message/"Message object implementation">.
 
=head2 Message class implementation

Extends L<"Message class implementation" in Mail::Box::Dir::Message|Mail::Box::Dir::Message/"Message class implementation">.
 
=head2 Labels

Extends L<"Labels" in Mail::Box::Dir::Message|Mail::Box::Dir::Message/"Labels">.
 
=head3 Predefined labels

Extends L<"Predefined labels" in Mail::Box::Dir::Message|Mail::Box::Dir::Message/"Predefined labels">.
 
=head3 Status and X-Status fields

Extends L<"Status and X-Status fields" in Mail::Box::Dir::Message|Mail::Box::Dir::Message/"Status and X-Status fields">.
 
=head3 The .mh_sequences file

Typically, the file which contains the labels is called C<.mh_sequences>.
The MH messages are numbered from C<1>.  As example content for
C<.mh_sequences>:

 cur: 93
 unseen: 32 35-56 67-80

To generalize labels on messages, two are treated specially:

=over 4

=item * cur

The C<cur> specifies the number of the message where the user stopped
reading mail from this folder at last access.  Internally in these
modules referred to as label C<current>.

=item * unseen

With C<unseen> is listed which message was never read.
This must be a mistake in the design of MH: it must be a source of
confusion.  People should never use labels with a negation in the
name:

 if($seen)           if(!$unseen)    #yuk!
 if(!$seen)          if($unseen)
 unless($seen)       unless($unseen) #yuk!

So: label C<unseen> is translated into C<seen> for internal use.

=back

=head1 DIAGNOSTICS

=over 4

=item Error: Cannot coerce a $class object into a $class object

=item Error: Cannot create parser for $filename.

For some reason (the previous message have told you already) it was not possible
to create a message parser for the specified filename.

=item Error: Cannot include forward source as $include.

Unknown alternative for the L<forward(include)|Mail::Message::Construct::Forward/"Constructing a message">.  Valid choices are
C<NO>, C<INLINE>, C<ATTACH>, and C<ENCAPSULATE>.

=item Error: Cannot include reply source as $include.

Unknown alternative for the C<include> option of L<reply()|Mail::Message::Construct::Reply/"Constructing a message">.  Valid
choices are C<NO>, C<INLINE>, and C<ATTACH>.

=item Error: Cannot write message to $filename: $!

When a modified or new message is written to disk, it is first written
to a temporary file in the folder directory.  For some reason, it is
impossible to create this file.

=item Error: Failed to move $new to $filename: $!

When a modified or new message is written to disk, it is first written
to a temporary file in the folder directory.  Then, the new file is
moved to replace the existing file.  Apparently, the latter fails.

=item Error: Method bounce requires To, Cc, or Bcc

The message L<bounce()|Mail::Message::Construct::Bounce/"Constructing a message"> method forwards a received message off to someone
else without modification; you must specified it's new destination.
If you have the urge not to specify any destination, you probably
are looking for L<reply()|Mail::Message::Construct::Reply/"Constructing a message">. When you wish to modify the content, use
L<forward()|Mail::Message::Construct::Forward/"Constructing a message">.

=item Error: Method forwardAttach requires a preamble

=item Error: Method forwardEncapsulate requires a preamble

=item Error: No address to create forwarded to.

If a forward message is created, a destination address must be specified.

=item Error: No default mailer found to send message.

The message L<send()|Mail::Message/"The message"> mechanism had not enough information to automatically
find a mail transfer agent to sent this message.  Specify a mailer
explicitly using the C<via> options.

=item Error: No rebuild rule $name defined.

=item Error: Only build() Mail::Message's; they are not in a folder yet

You may wish to construct a message to be stored in a some kind
of folder, but you need to do that in two steps.  First, create a
normal L<Mail::Message|Mail::Message>, and then add it to the folder.  During this
L<Mail::Box::addMessage()|Mail::Box/"The folder"> process, the message will get L<coerce()|Mail::Message/"Internals">-d
into the right message type, adding storage information and the like.

=item Error: Package $package does not implement $method.

Fatal error: the specific package (or one of its superclasses) does not
implement this method where it should. This message means that some other
related classes do implement this method however the class at hand does
not.  Probably you should investigate this and probably inform the author
of the package.

=item Error: Unable to read delayed body.

For some reason, the header of the message could be read, but the body
cannot.  Probably the file has disappeared or the permissions were
changed during the progress of the program.

=item Error: Unable to read delayed head.

Mail::Box tries to be I<lazy> with respect to parsing messages.  When a
directory organized folder is opened, only the filenames of messages are
collected.  At first use, the messages are read from their file.  Apperently,
a message is used for the first time here, but has disappeared or is
unreadible for some other reason.

=item Error: coercion starts with some object

=back

=head1 SEE ALSO

This module is part of Mail-Box distribution version 3.011,
built on April 18, 2025. Website: F<http://perl.overmeer.net/CPAN/>

=head1 LICENSE

Copyrights 2001-2025 by [Mark Overmeer]. For other contributors see ChangeLog.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the same terms as Perl itself.
See F<http://dev.perl.org/licenses/>

