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=head1 NAME

tinylogin - a multi-call binary for login and user account administration

=head1 SYNOPSIS

  tinylogin <function> [arguments...]	# or

  <function> [arguments...]		# if symlinked

=head1 DESCRIPTION

TinyLogin is a suite of tiny Unix utilities for handling logging into,
being authenticated by, changing one's password for, and otherwise
maintaining users and groups on an embedded system. It also provides
shadow password support to enhance system security. TinyLogin is, as the
name implies, very small, and makes an excellent complement to BusyBox
on an embedded System. It can be used without BusyBox, of course, but I
envision them being used together most of the time.

Why is something like TinyLogin useful?

    [andersen@slag]$ du -ch `which addgroup adduser delgroup deluser getty login passwd su sulogin`
    0	/usr/sbin/addgroup
    24k	/usr/sbin/adduser
    16k	/sbin/getty
    36k	/bin/login
    28k	/usr/bin/passwd
    24k	/bin/su
    12k	/sbin/sulogin
    140k	total

    [andersen@slag]$ ls -sh ./tinylogin
    40k ./tinylogin*

`nuff said.

TinyLogin is a curious blend of code from a whole bunch of folks. It
was originally cobbled together by Sean Bastille <hightide@ginch.org>
based in part on the May of 1998 version of the shadow utilities, which
can be downloaded from: ftp://ftp.ists.pwr.wroc.pl/pub/linux/shadow/
The build system, and the way in which TinyLogin invokes its component
applications has been totally rewritten, based on the build system used
for BusyBox. The code has also been majorly reworked to make it more
internally consistent, to make it use fewer global variables, etc, by
Erik Andersen.

TinyLogin may be used and distributed under the terms of GNU General
Public License, with the addition of the special terms enumerated below
by the shadow utilities license (a BSD style license which allows me
to make future releases under the GPL).

=head2 HACKING

TinyLogin, like BusyBox, is now modularized to easily allow you to build
only the components you need, thereby reducing binary size. To turn off
unwanted TinyLogin components, simply edit the file tinylogin.def.h and
comment out the parts you do not want using C++ style (//) comments.

After the build is complete a tinylogin.links file is generated which is
then used by 'make install' to create symlinks to the tinylogin binary
for all compiled in functions. By default, 'make install' will place a
symlink forest into `pwd`/_install unless you have defined the PREFIX
environment variable.

=head1 MAKING IT WORK

I often get email from people wondering why tinylogin doesn't work.  It is
almost always the case that they compiled with "USE_SYSTEM_PWD_GRP = true" in
the Makefile, and they are using GNU Libc, and have either failed to install
/etc/nsswitch.conf, have badly configured their /etc/nsswitch.conf file, or
have a properly configured /etc/nsswitch.conf file but have not installed the
libraries the GNU Libc is looking for (which is determined based on the
contents of the /etc/nsswitch.conf file).  To avoid these problems, I recommend
that unless you have a very good reason, you should always leave the Makefile's
"USE_SYSTEM_PWD_GRP = false" setting in place.  This will cause tinylogin to
directly use the system's password and group files.  This way, you do not need
to worry about GNU Libc's NSS at all (thereby making your embedded system even
smaller).  If you absolutely must use GNU libc NSS for authentication you must
include something such as the following in your embedded systems'
/etc/nsswitch.conf file:

  # /etc/nsswitch.conf
  # Note that if you are doing networking, 
  # other entries will also be needed.
  passwd:         compat
  group:          compat
  shadow:         compat

Furthermore, you will also need to include the library /lib/libnss_compat so
that GNU Libc can find it when it is needed (it is dynamicaly loaded, so 'ldd'
won't tell you that you need it -- which is why I've devoted this entire
section of the manual to tell you you need it).  If you want to do something
more complicated, such as authenticating vs a remote LDAP database, well
tinylogin can work just fine with that type of setup using GNU libc NSS, but
setting it up is your problem, not mine.

=head1 COMMANDS

Currently defined functions include:

adduser, addgroup, deluser, delgroup, login, su, sulogin,
passwd, getty

=over 4

=item * adduser

Add a user to the system

Usage:  adduser [OPTIONS]... <USER>

Options:

  -h <directory>    specify home directory
  -s <shell>	    specify shell
  -g <gecos>	    specify GECOS string

Default values are as follows:  

  HOME=/home/$USER
  SHELL=/bin/sh
  GECOS="Embedix,,,"

Description:

This utility adds a user to /etc/passwd and /etc/group.  If
shadow is enabled /etc/shadow and /etc/gshadow are also updated
w/ appropriate information.  The group name is set to the same
value as the user name.  To set the initial password, adduser
executes passwd which presents an interactive prompt.  This
makes adduser inappropriate for batch account creation.

Normally, something like adduser is implemented in a scripting
language, but this one was implemented in C.  The rationale for
this was that in a small system, one might not have space for
certain Unix shell utilities that are normally taken for granted
or that one might not have space for even a minimal perl
installation.  Such limitations could make making a robust
adduser implementation difficult, so the only viable option left
was to do it in C.

When implementing adduser, the semantics of Debian's adduser
perl script were used as a reference, so those of you familiar
with that should notice similarities.

=for html <HR noshade>

=item * addgroup

Add a group to the system

Usage:  addgroup [OPTIONS]... <GROUP>

Options:

  -g <number>	    specify gid

Description:

This utility adds a group to /etc/group and if necessary,
/etc/gshadow as well.  If the GID is not specified, addgroup
will try to find the next available gid within the range of 
[100..64000].

=for html <HR noshade>

=item * deluser

Delete a user from the system

Usage:  deluser <USER>

Description:

This utility only takes one parameter which is the user name.
It will search /etc/passwd and delete the user's account if it
exists.

B<NOTE>:  Although adduser adds both users and groups,
deluser only deletes users.

=for html <HR noshade>

=item * delgroup

Delete a group from the system

Usage:  delgroup <USER>

Description:

This utility only takes one parameter which is the group name.
It will search /etc/passwd and delete the group if it exists.

B<NOTE>:  Although adduser adds both users and groups,
delgroup only deletes groups.

=for html <HR noshade>

=item * login

Begin session on the system

Usage:  login

=for html <HR noshade>

=item * su

Change uid or become root

Note that for su to work, the tinylogin binary must be setuid root.

=for html <HR noshade>

=item * sulogin

Single-user login

=for html <HR noshade>

=item * passwd

Change user password

=for html <HR noshade>

=item * getty

Opens a tty and invokes /bin/login

=back

=head1 SEE ALSO

busybox(1), pam(8)

=head1 AUTHORS

Erik Andersen <erik@lineo.com>

Sean Bastille <hightide@ginch.org>

John Beppu <beppu@lineo.com>

Julianne Frances Haugh <unknown@unknown>

