/*
 * Copyright (C) 2004-2013 L2J Server
 * 
 * This file is part of L2J Server.
 * 
 * L2J Server is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 * 
 * L2J Server is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
 * General Public License for more details.
 * 
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */
package com.l2jserver.util;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.FilterInputStream;
import java.io.FilterOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import java.util.zip.GZIPInputStream;
import java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream;

/**
 * Encodes and decodes to and from Base64 notation.<br>
 * The source is based on the work of Robert Harder.<br>
 * <p>
 * I am placing this code in the Public Domain.<br>
 * Do with it as you will.<br>
 * This software comes with no guarantees or warranties but with plenty of well-wishing instead!<br>
 * Please visit <a href="http://iharder.net/xmlizable">http://iharder.net/base64</a><br>
 * periodically to check for updates or to contribute improvements.
 * </p>
 * @author Robert Harder, rob@iharder.net
 * @version 2.0
 */
public class Base64
{
	private static final Logger _log = Logger.getLogger(Base64.class.getName());
	
	/* P U B L I C F I E L D S */
	
	/** No options specified. Value is zero. */
	public static final int NO_OPTIONS = 0;
	
	/** Specify encoding. */
	public static final int ENCODE = 1;
	
	/** Specify decoding. */
	public static final int DECODE = 0;
	
	/** Specify that data should be gzip-compressed. */
	public static final int GZIP = 2;
	
	/** Don't break lines when encoding (violates strict Base64 specification) */
	public static final int DONT_BREAK_LINES = 8;
	
	/* Private Fields */
	
	/** Maximum line length (76) of Base64 output. */
	private static final int MAX_LINE_LENGTH = 76;
	
	/** The equals sign (=) as a byte. */
	private static final byte EQUALS_SIGN = (byte) '=';
	
	/** The new line character (\n) as a byte. */
	private static final byte NEW_LINE = (byte) '\n';
	
	/** Preferred encoding. */
	private static final Charset PREFERRED_ENCODING = StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
	
	/** The 64 valid Base64 values. */
	private static final byte[] ALPHABET = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/".getBytes(PREFERRED_ENCODING);
	
	/**
	 * Translates a Base64 value to either its 6-bit reconstruction value or a negative number indicating some other meaning.
	 */
	// @formatter:off
	static final byte[] DECODABET =
	{
		-9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, // Decimal 0 - 8
		-5, -5, // Whitespace: Tab and Linefeed
		-9, -9, // Decimal 11 - 12
		-5, // Whitespace: Carriage Return
		-9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, // Decimal 14 - 26
		-9, -9, -9, -9, -9, // Decimal 27 - 31
		-5, // Whitespace: Space
		-9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, // Decimal 33 - 42
		62, // Plus sign at decimal 43
		-9, -9, -9, // Decimal 44 - 46
		63, // Slash at decimal 47
		52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, // Numbers zero through nine
		-9, -9, -9, // Decimal 58 - 60
		-1, // Equals sign at decimal 61
		-9, -9, -9, // Decimal 62 - 64
		0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, // Letters 'A' through 'N'
		14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, // Letters 'O' through 'Z'
		-9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, // Decimal 91 - 96
		26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, // Letters 'a' through 'm'
		39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, // Letters 'n' through 'z'
		-9, -9, -9, -9 // Decimal 123 - 126
		/*
		 * ,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 127 - 139
		 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 140 - 152
		 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 153 - 165
		 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 166 - 178
		 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 179 - 191
		 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 192 - 204
		 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 205 - 217
		 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 218 - 230
		 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 231 - 243
		 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9 // Decimal 244 - 255
		 */
	};
	// @formatter:on
	
	// private static final byte BAD_ENCODING = -9; // Indicates error in encoding
	private static final byte WHITE_SPACE_ENC = -5; // Indicates white space in encoding
	private static final byte EQUALS_SIGN_ENC = -1; // Indicates equals sign in encoding
	
	/** Defeats instantiation. */
	private Base64()
	{
	}
	
	/* E N C O D I N G M E T H O D S */
	
	/**
	 * Encodes up to the first three bytes of array <var>threeBytes</var> and returns a four-byte array in Base64 notation. The actual number of significant bytes in your array is given by <var>numSigBytes</var>. The array <var>threeBytes</var> needs only be as big as <var>numSigBytes</var>. Code
	 * can reuse a byte array by passing a four-byte array as <var>b4</var>.
	 * @param b4 A reusable byte array to reduce array instantiation
	 * @param threeBytes the array to convert
	 * @param numSigBytes the number of significant bytes in your array
	 * @return four byte array in Base64 notation.
	 * @since 1.5.1
	 */
	static byte[] encode3to4(byte[] b4, byte[] threeBytes, int numSigBytes)
	{
		encode3to4(threeBytes, 0, numSigBytes, b4, 0);
		return b4;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Encodes up to three bytes of the array <var>source</var> and writes the resulting four Base64 bytes to <var>destination</var>.<br>
	 * The source and destination arrays can be manipulated anywhere along their length by specifying <var>srcOffset</var> and <var>destOffset</var>.<br>
	 * This method does not check to make sure your arrays are large enough to accommodate <var>srcOffset</var> + 3 for the <var>source</var> array or <var>destOffset</var> + 4 for the <var>destination</var> array.<br>
	 * The actual number of significant bytes in your array is given by <var>numSigBytes</var>.
	 * @param source the array to convert
	 * @param srcOffset the index where conversion begins
	 * @param numSigBytes the number of significant bytes in your array
	 * @param destination the array to hold the conversion
	 * @param destOffset the index where output will be put
	 * @return the <var>destination</var> array
	 * @since 1.3
	 */
	static byte[] encode3to4(byte[] source, int srcOffset, int numSigBytes, byte[] destination, int destOffset)
	{
		// 1 2 3
		// 01234567890123456789012345678901 Bit position
		// --------000000001111111122222222 Array position from threeBytes
		// --------| || || || | Six bit groups to index ALPHABET
		// >>18 >>12 >> 6 >> 0 Right shift necessary
		// 0x3f 0x3f 0x3f Additional AND
		
		// Create buffer with zero-padding if there are only one or two
		// significant bytes passed in the array.
		// We have to shift left 24 in order to flush out the 1's that appear
		// when Java treats a value as negative that is cast from a byte to an
		// int.
		int inBuff = (numSigBytes > 0 ? ((source[srcOffset] << 24) >>> 8) : 0) | (numSigBytes > 1 ? ((source[srcOffset + 1] << 24) >>> 16) : 0) | (numSigBytes > 2 ? ((source[srcOffset + 2] << 24) >>> 24) : 0);
		
		switch (numSigBytes)
		{
			case 3:
				destination[destOffset] = ALPHABET[(inBuff >>> 18)];
				destination[destOffset + 1] = ALPHABET[(inBuff >>> 12) & 0x3f];
				destination[destOffset + 2] = ALPHABET[(inBuff >>> 6) & 0x3f];
				destination[destOffset + 3] = ALPHABET[(inBuff) & 0x3f];
				return destination;
				
			case 2:
				destination[destOffset] = ALPHABET[(inBuff >>> 18)];
				destination[destOffset + 1] = ALPHABET[(inBuff >>> 12) & 0x3f];
				destination[destOffset + 2] = ALPHABET[(inBuff >>> 6) & 0x3f];
				destination[destOffset + 3] = EQUALS_SIGN;
				return destination;
				
			case 1:
				destination[destOffset] = ALPHABET[(inBuff >>> 18)];
				destination[destOffset + 1] = ALPHABET[(inBuff >>> 12) & 0x3f];
				destination[destOffset + 2] = EQUALS_SIGN;
				destination[destOffset + 3] = EQUALS_SIGN;
				return destination;
				
			default:
				return destination;
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Serializes an object and returns the Base64-encoded version of that serialized object.<br>
	 * If the object cannot be serialized or there is another error, the method will return <tt>null</tt>.<br>
	 * The object is not GZip-compressed before being encoded.
	 * @param serializableObject The object to encode
	 * @return The Base64-encoded object
	 * @since 1.4
	 */
	public static String encodeObject(Serializable serializableObject)
	{
		return encodeObject(serializableObject, NO_OPTIONS);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Serializes an object and returns the Base64-encoded version of that serialized object.<br>
	 * If the object cannot be serialized or there is another error, the method will return <tt>null</tt>.
	 * <p>
	 * Valid options:
	 * 
	 * <pre>
	 *   GZIP: gzip-compresses object before encoding it.
	 *   DONT_BREAK_LINES: don't break lines at 76 characters
	 *     &lt;i&gt;Note: Technically, this makes your encoding non-compliant.&lt;/i&gt;
	 * </pre>
	 * <p>
	 * Example: <code>encodeObject( myObj, Base64.GZIP )</code> or
	 * <p>
	 * Example: <code>encodeObject( myObj, Base64.GZIP | Base64.DONT_BREAK_LINES )</code>
	 * @param serializableObject The object to encode
	 * @param options
	 * @options Specified options
	 * @return The Base64-encoded object
	 * @see Base64#GZIP
	 * @see Base64#DONT_BREAK_LINES
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public static String encodeObject(Serializable serializableObject, int options)
	{
		// Isolate options
		int gzip = (options & GZIP);
		int dontBreakLines = (options & DONT_BREAK_LINES);
		// ObjectOutputStream -> (GZIP) -> Base64 -> ByteArrayOutputStream
		byte[] value = null;
		try (ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
			Base64.OutputStream b64os = new Base64.OutputStream(baos, ENCODE | dontBreakLines);
			GZIPOutputStream gzipOutputStream = new GZIPOutputStream(b64os);
			FilterOutputStream os = (gzip == GZIP) ? gzipOutputStream : b64os;
			ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(os))
		{
			oos.writeObject(serializableObject);
			value = baos.toByteArray();
		}
		catch (IOException e)
		{
			e.printStackTrace();
			return null;
		}
		
		return value != null ? new String(value, PREFERRED_ENCODING) : null;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Encodes a byte array into Base64 notation. Does not GZip-compress data.
	 * @param source The data to convert
	 * @return
	 * @since 1.4
	 */
	public static String encodeBytes(byte[] source)
	{
		return encodeBytes(source, 0, source.length, NO_OPTIONS);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Encodes a byte array into Base64 notation.
	 * <p>
	 * Valid options:
	 * 
	 * <pre>
	 *   GZIP: gzip-compresses object before encoding it.
	 *   DONT_BREAK_LINES: don't break lines at 76 characters
	 *     &lt;i&gt;Note: Technically, this makes your encoding non-compliant.&lt;/i&gt;
	 * </pre>
	 * <p>
	 * Example: <code>encodeBytes( myData, Base64.GZIP )</code> or
	 * <p>
	 * Example: <code>encodeBytes( myData, Base64.GZIP | Base64.DONT_BREAK_LINES )</code>
	 * @param source The data to convert
	 * @param options Specified options
	 * @return
	 * @see Base64#GZIP
	 * @see Base64#DONT_BREAK_LINES
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public static String encodeBytes(byte[] source, int options)
	{
		return encodeBytes(source, 0, source.length, options);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Encodes a byte array into Base64 notation. Does not GZip-compress data.
	 * @param source The data to convert
	 * @param off Offset in array where conversion should begin
	 * @param len Length of data to convert
	 * @return
	 * @since 1.4
	 */
	public static String encodeBytes(byte[] source, int off, int len)
	{
		return encodeBytes(source, off, len, NO_OPTIONS);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Encodes a byte array into Base64 notation.
	 * <p>
	 * Valid options:
	 * 
	 * <pre>
	 *   GZIP: gzip-compresses object before encoding it.
	 *   DONT_BREAK_LINES: don't break lines at 76 characters
	 *     &lt;i&gt;Note: Technically, this makes your encoding non-compliant.&lt;/i&gt;
	 * </pre>
	 * <p>
	 * Example: <code>encodeBytes( myData, Base64.GZIP )</code> or
	 * <p>
	 * Example: <code>encodeBytes( myData, Base64.GZIP | Base64.DONT_BREAK_LINES )</code>
	 * @param source The data to convert
	 * @param off Offset in array where conversion should begin
	 * @param len Length of data to convert
	 * @param options Specified options
	 * @return
	 * @see Base64#GZIP
	 * @see Base64#DONT_BREAK_LINES
	 * @since 2.0
	 */
	public static String encodeBytes(byte[] source, int off, int len, int options)
	{
		// Isolate options
		int dontBreakLines = (options & DONT_BREAK_LINES);
		int gzip = (options & GZIP);
		
		// Compress?
		if (gzip == GZIP)
		{
			// GZip -> Base64 -> ByteArray
			byte[] value = null;
			try (ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
				Base64.OutputStream b64os = new Base64.OutputStream(baos, ENCODE | dontBreakLines);
				GZIPOutputStream gzos = new GZIPOutputStream(b64os))
			{
				gzos.write(source, off, len);
				value = baos.toByteArray();
			}
			catch (IOException e)
			{
				_log.warning("Base64: " + e.getMessage());
				return null;
			}
			
			// Return value according to relevant encoding.
			if (value != null)
			{
				return new String(value, PREFERRED_ENCODING);
			}
		}
		
		// Convert option to boolean in way that code likes it.
		boolean breakLines = dontBreakLines == 0;
		
		int len43 = (len * 4) / 3;
		byte[] outBuff = new byte[(len43) // Main 4:3
			+ ((len % 3) > 0 ? 4 : 0) // Account for padding
			+ (breakLines ? (len43 / MAX_LINE_LENGTH) : 0)]; // New lines
		int d = 0;
		int e = 0;
		int len2 = len - 2;
		int lineLength = 0;
		for (; d < len2; d += 3, e += 4)
		{
			encode3to4(source, d + off, 3, outBuff, e);
			
			lineLength += 4;
			if (breakLines && (lineLength == MAX_LINE_LENGTH))
			{
				outBuff[e + 4] = NEW_LINE;
				e++;
				lineLength = 0;
			}
		} // en dfor: each piece of array
		
		if (d < len)
		{
			encode3to4(source, d + off, len - d, outBuff, e);
			e += 4;
		}
		
		// Return value according to relevant encoding.
		return new String(outBuff, 0, e, PREFERRED_ENCODING);
	}
	
	/* D E C O D I N G M E T H O D S */
	
	/**
	 * Decodes four bytes from array <var>source</var> and writes the resulting bytes (up to three of them) to <var>destination</var>. The source and destination arrays can be manipulated anywhere along their length by specifying <var>srcOffset</var> and <var>destOffset</var>. This method does not
	 * check to make sure your arrays are large enough to accomodate <var>srcOffset</var> + 4 for the <var>source</var> array or <var>destOffset</var> + 3 for the <var>destination</var> array. This method returns the actual number of bytes that were converted from the Base64 encoding.
	 * @param source the array to convert
	 * @param srcOffset the index where conversion begins
	 * @param destination the array to hold the conversion
	 * @param destOffset the index where output will be put
	 * @return the number of decoded bytes converted
	 * @since 1.3
	 */
	static int decode4to3(byte[] source, int srcOffset, byte[] destination, int destOffset)
	{
		// Example: Dk==
		if (source[srcOffset + 2] == EQUALS_SIGN)
		{
			// Two ways to do the same thing. Don't know which way I like best.
			// int outBuff = ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset ] ] << 24 ) >>> 6
			// )
			// | ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset + 1] ] << 24 ) >>> 12 );
			int outBuff = ((DECODABET[source[srcOffset]] & 0xFF) << 18) | ((DECODABET[source[srcOffset + 1]] & 0xFF) << 12);
			
			destination[destOffset] = (byte) (outBuff >>> 16);
			return 1;
		}
		
		// Example: DkL=
		else if (source[srcOffset + 3] == EQUALS_SIGN)
		{
			// Two ways to do the same thing. Don't know which way I like best.
			// int outBuff = ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset ] ] << 24 ) >>> 6
			// )
			// | ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset + 1 ] ] << 24 ) >>> 12 )
			// | ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset + 2 ] ] << 24 ) >>> 18 );
			int outBuff = ((DECODABET[source[srcOffset]] & 0xFF) << 18) | ((DECODABET[source[srcOffset + 1]] & 0xFF) << 12) | ((DECODABET[source[srcOffset + 2]] & 0xFF) << 6);
			
			destination[destOffset] = (byte) (outBuff >>> 16);
			destination[destOffset + 1] = (byte) (outBuff >>> 8);
			return 2;
		}
		
		// Example: DkLE
		else
		{
			try
			{
				// Two ways to do the same thing. Don't know which way I like
				// best.
				// int outBuff = ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset ] ] << 24 )
				// >>> 6 )
				// | ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset + 1 ] ] << 24 ) >>> 12 )
				// | ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset + 2 ] ] << 24 ) >>> 18 )
				// | ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset + 3 ] ] << 24 ) >>> 24 );
				int outBuff = ((DECODABET[source[srcOffset]] & 0xFF) << 18) | ((DECODABET[source[srcOffset + 1]] & 0xFF) << 12) | ((DECODABET[source[srcOffset + 2]] & 0xFF) << 6) | ((DECODABET[source[srcOffset + 3]] & 0xFF));
				
				destination[destOffset] = (byte) (outBuff >> 16);
				destination[destOffset + 1] = (byte) (outBuff >> 8);
				destination[destOffset + 2] = (byte) (outBuff);
				
				return 3;
			}
			catch (Exception e)
			{
				System.out.println(StringUtil.concat(String.valueOf(source[srcOffset]), ": ", String.valueOf(DECODABET[source[srcOffset]])));
				System.out.println(StringUtil.concat(String.valueOf(source[srcOffset + 1]), ": ", String.valueOf(DECODABET[source[srcOffset + 1]])));
				System.out.println(StringUtil.concat(String.valueOf(source[srcOffset + 2]), ": ", String.valueOf(DECODABET[source[srcOffset + 2]])));
				System.out.println(StringUtil.concat(String.valueOf(source[srcOffset + 3]), ": ", String.valueOf(DECODABET[source[srcOffset + 3]])));
				return -1;
			}
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Very low-level access to decoding ASCII characters in the form of a byte array. Does not support automatically gunzipping or any other "fancy" features.
	 * @param source The Base64 encoded data
	 * @param off The offset of where to begin decoding
	 * @param len The length of characters to decode
	 * @return decoded data
	 * @since 1.3
	 */
	public static byte[] decode(byte[] source, int off, int len)
	{
		int len34 = (len * 3) / 4;
		byte[] outBuff = new byte[len34]; // Upper limit on size of output
		int outBuffPosn = 0;
		
		byte[] b4 = new byte[4];
		int b4Posn = 0;
		int i = 0;
		byte sbiCrop = 0;
		byte sbiDecode = 0;
		for (i = off; i < (off + len); i++)
		{
			sbiCrop = (byte) (source[i] & 0x7f); // Only the low seven bits
			sbiDecode = DECODABET[sbiCrop];
			
			if (sbiDecode >= WHITE_SPACE_ENC) // White space, Equals sign or better
			{
				if (sbiDecode >= EQUALS_SIGN_ENC)
				{
					b4[b4Posn++] = sbiCrop;
					if (b4Posn > 3)
					{
						outBuffPosn += decode4to3(b4, 0, outBuff, outBuffPosn);
						b4Posn = 0;
						
						// If that was the equals sign, break out of 'for' loop
						if (sbiCrop == EQUALS_SIGN)
						{
							break;
						}
					} // end if: quartet built
					
				} // end if: equals sign or better
				
			} // end if: white space, equals sign or better
			else
			{
				System.err.println(StringUtil.concat("Bad Base64 input character at ", String.valueOf(i), ": ", String.valueOf(source[i]), "(decimal)"));
				return null;
			}
		}
		
		byte[] out = new byte[outBuffPosn];
		System.arraycopy(outBuff, 0, out, 0, outBuffPosn);
		return out;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Decodes data from Base64 notation, automatically detecting gzip-compressed data and decompressing it.
	 * @param s the string to decode
	 * @return the decoded data
	 * @since 1.4
	 */
	public static byte[] decode(String s)
	{
		byte[] bytes = s.getBytes(PREFERRED_ENCODING);
		
		// Decode
		bytes = decode(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
		
		// Check to see if it's gzip-compressed
		// GZIP Magic Two-Byte Number: 0x8b1f (35615)
		// In case decoding returned null
		if ((bytes != null) && (bytes.length >= 2))
		{
			final int head = (bytes[0] & 0xFF) | (bytes[1] & 0xFF) << 8;
			// Don't want to get ArrayIndexOutOfBounds exception
			if ((bytes.length >= 4) && (GZIPInputStream.GZIP_MAGIC == head))
			{
				byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];
				int length = 0;
				try (ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
					GZIPInputStream gzis = new GZIPInputStream(bais);
					ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream())
				{
					while ((length = gzis.read(buffer)) >= 0)
					{
						baos.write(buffer, 0, length);
					}
					
					// No error? Get new bytes.
					bytes = baos.toByteArray();
					
				}
				catch (IOException e)
				{
					// Just return originally-decoded bytes
				}
			}
		}
		return bytes;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Attempts to decode Base64 data and deserialize a Java Object within. Returns <tt>null</tt> if there was an error.
	 * @param encodedObject The Base64 data to decode
	 * @return The decoded and deserialized object
	 * @since 1.5
	 */
	public static Object decodeToObject(String encodedObject)
	{
		// Decode and gunzip if necessary
		byte[] objBytes = decode(encodedObject);
		Object obj = null;
		try (ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(objBytes);
			ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bais))
		{
			obj = ois.readObject();
		}
		catch (IOException e)
		{
			_log.warning("Base64: " + e.getMessage());
		}
		catch (ClassNotFoundException e)
		{
			_log.warning("Base64: " + e.getMessage());
		}
		return obj;
	}
	
	/* I N N E R C L A S S I N P U T S T R E A M */
	
	/**
	 * A {@link #InputStream} will read data from another {@link java.io.InputStream}, given in the constructor, and encode/decode to/from Base64 notation on the fly.
	 * @see Base64
	 * @see java.io.FilterInputStream
	 * @since 1.3
	 */
	public static class InputStream extends FilterInputStream
	{
		// private int options; // Options specified
		private final boolean encode; // Encoding or decoding
		private int position; // Current position in the buffer
		private final byte[] buffer; // Small buffer holding converted data
		private final int bufferLength; // Length of buffer (3 or 4)
		private int numSigBytes; // Number of meaningful bytes in the buffer
		private int lineLength;
		private final boolean breakLines; // Break lines at less than 80 characters
		
		/**
		 * Constructs a {@link #InputStream} in DECODE mode.
		 * @param pIn the {@link java.io.InputStream} from which to read data.
		 * @since 1.3
		 */
		public InputStream(java.io.InputStream pIn)
		{
			this(pIn, DECODE);
		}
		
		/**
		 * Constructs a {@link #InputStream} in either ENCODE or DECODE mode.
		 * <p>
		 * Valid options:
		 * 
		 * <pre>
		 *   ENCODE or DECODE: Encode or Decode as data is read.
		 *   DONT_BREAK_LINES: don't break lines at 76 characters
		 *     (only meaningful when encoding)
		 *     &lt;i&gt;Note: Technically, this makes your encoding non-compliant.&lt;/i&gt;
		 * </pre>
		 * <p>
		 * Example: <code>new Base64.InputStream( in, Base64.DECODE )</code>
		 * @param pIn the {@link java.io.InputStream} from which to read data.
		 * @param options Specified options
		 * @see Base64#ENCODE
		 * @see Base64#DECODE
		 * @see Base64#DONT_BREAK_LINES
		 * @since 2.0
		 */
		public InputStream(java.io.InputStream pIn, int options)
		{
			super(pIn);
			// this.options = options;
			breakLines = (options & DONT_BREAK_LINES) != DONT_BREAK_LINES;
			encode = (options & ENCODE) == ENCODE;
			bufferLength = encode ? 4 : 3;
			buffer = new byte[bufferLength];
			position = -1;
			lineLength = 0;
		}
		
		/**
		 * Reads enough of the input stream to convert to/from Base64 and returns the next byte.
		 * @return next byte
		 * @since 1.3
		 */
		@Override
		public int read() throws IOException
		{
			// Do we need to get data?
			if (position < 0)
			{
				if (encode)
				{
					byte[] b3 = new byte[3];
					int numBinaryBytes = 0;
					for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
					{
						try
						{
							int b = in.read();
							
							// If end of stream, b is -1.
							if (b >= 0)
							{
								b3[i] = (byte) b;
								numBinaryBytes++;
							}
							
						}
						catch (IOException e)
						{
							// Only a problem if we got no data at all.
							if (i == 0)
							{
								throw e;
							}
							
						}
					}
					
					if (numBinaryBytes > 0)
					{
						encode3to4(b3, 0, numBinaryBytes, buffer, 0);
						position = 0;
						numSigBytes = 4;
					}
					else
					{
						return -1;
					}
				}
				else
				{
					byte[] b4 = new byte[4];
					int i = 0;
					for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
					{
						// Read four "meaningful" bytes:
						int b = 0;
						do
						{
							b = in.read();
						}
						while ((b >= 0) && (DECODABET[b & 0x7f] <= WHITE_SPACE_ENC));
						
						if (b < 0)
						{
							break; // Reads a -1 if end of stream
						}
						
						b4[i] = (byte) b;
					} // end for: each needed input byte
					
					if (i == 4)
					{
						numSigBytes = decode4to3(b4, 0, buffer, 0);
						position = 0;
					} // end if: got four characters
					else if (i == 0)
					{
						return -1;
					} // end else if: also padded correctly
					else
					{
						// Must have broken out from above.
						throw new IOException("Improperly padded Base64 input.");
					}
				}
			}
			
			// Got data?
			if (position >= 0)
			{
				// End of relevant data?
				if ( /* !encode && */position >= numSigBytes)
				{
					return -1;
				}
				
				if (encode && breakLines && (lineLength >= MAX_LINE_LENGTH))
				{
					lineLength = 0;
					return NEW_LINE;
				}
				// This isn't important when decoding but throwing an extra "if" seems just as wasteful.
				lineLength++;
				
				int b = buffer[position++];
				
				if (position >= bufferLength)
				{
					position = -1;
				}
				// This is how you "cast" a byte that's intended to be unsigned.
				return b & 0xFF;
			}
			
			// When JDK1.4 is more accepted, use an assertion here.
			throw new IOException("Error in Base64 code reading stream.");
		}
		
		/**
		 * Calls {@link #read} repeatedly until the end of stream is reached or <var>len</var> bytes are read. Returns number of bytes read into array or -1 if end of stream is encountered.
		 * @param dest array to hold values
		 * @param off offset for array
		 * @param len max number of bytes to read into array
		 * @return bytes read into array or -1 if end of stream is encountered.
		 * @since 1.3
		 */
		@Override
		public int read(byte[] dest, int off, int len) throws IOException
		{
			int i;
			int b;
			for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
			{
				b = read();
				
				// if( b < 0 && i == 0 )
				// return -1;
				
				if (b >= 0)
				{
					dest[off + i] = (byte) b;
				}
				else if (i == 0)
				{
					return -1;
				}
				else
				{
					break;
				}
			}
			return i;
		}
		
	}
	
	/* I N N E R C L A S S O U T P U T S T R E A M */
	
	/**
	 * A {@link #OutputStream} will write data to another {@link java.io.OutputStream}, given in the constructor, and encode/decode to/from Base64 notation on the fly.
	 * @see Base64
	 * @see java.io.FilterOutputStream
	 * @since 1.3
	 */
	public static class OutputStream extends FilterOutputStream
	{
		// private int options;
		private final boolean encode;
		private int position;
		private byte[] buffer;
		private final int bufferLength;
		private int lineLength;
		private final boolean breakLines;
		private final byte[] b4; // Scratch used in a few places
		private boolean suspendEncoding;
		
		/**
		 * Constructs a {@link #OutputStream} in ENCODE mode.
		 * @param pOut the {@link java.io.OutputStream} to which data will be written.
		 * @since 1.3
		 */
		public OutputStream(java.io.OutputStream pOut)
		{
			this(pOut, ENCODE);
		}
		
		/**
		 * Constructs a {@link #OutputStream} in either ENCODE or DECODE mode.
		 * <p>
		 * Valid options:
		 * 
		 * <pre>
		 *   ENCODE or DECODE: Encode or Decode as data is read.
		 *   DONT_BREAK_LINES: don't break lines at 76 characters
		 *     (only meaningful when encoding)
		 *     &lt;i&gt;Note: Technically, this makes your encoding non-compliant.&lt;/i&gt;
		 * </pre>
		 * <p>
		 * Example: <code>new Base64.OutputStream( out, Base64.ENCODE )</code>
		 * @param pOut the {@link java.io.OutputStream} to which data will be written.
		 * @param options Specified options.
		 * @see Base64#ENCODE
		 * @see Base64#DECODE
		 * @see Base64#DONT_BREAK_LINES
		 * @since 1.3
		 */
		public OutputStream(java.io.OutputStream pOut, int options)
		{
			super(pOut);
			// this.options = options;
			breakLines = (options & DONT_BREAK_LINES) != DONT_BREAK_LINES;
			encode = (options & ENCODE) == ENCODE;
			bufferLength = encode ? 3 : 4;
			buffer = new byte[bufferLength];
			position = 0;
			lineLength = 0;
			suspendEncoding = false;
			b4 = new byte[4];
		}
		
		/**
		 * Writes the byte to the output stream after converting to/from Base64 notation. When encoding, bytes are buffered three at a time before the output stream actually gets a write() call. When decoding, bytes are buffered four at a time.
		 * @param theByte the byte to write
		 * @since 1.3
		 */
		@Override
		public void write(int theByte) throws IOException
		{
			// Encoding suspended?
			if (suspendEncoding)
			{
				super.out.write(theByte);
				return;
			}
			
			// Encode?
			if (encode)
			{
				buffer[position++] = (byte) theByte;
				if (position >= bufferLength) // Enough to encode.
				{
					out.write(encode3to4(b4, buffer, bufferLength));
					
					lineLength += 4;
					if (breakLines && (lineLength >= MAX_LINE_LENGTH))
					{
						out.write(NEW_LINE);
						lineLength = 0;
					}
					position = 0;
				}
			}
			else
			{
				// Meaningful Base64 character?
				if (DECODABET[theByte & 0x7f] > WHITE_SPACE_ENC)
				{
					buffer[position++] = (byte) theByte;
					if (position >= bufferLength) // Enough to output.
					{
						int len = Base64.decode4to3(buffer, 0, b4, 0);
						out.write(b4, 0, len);
						// out.write( Base64.decode4to3( buffer ) );
						position = 0;
					}
				}
				else if (DECODABET[theByte & 0x7f] != WHITE_SPACE_ENC)
				{
					throw new IOException("Invalid character in Base64 data.");
				}
			}
		}
		
		/**
		 * Calls {@link #write} repeatedly until <var>len</var> bytes are written.
		 * @param theBytes array from which to read bytes
		 * @param off offset for array
		 * @param len max number of bytes to read into array
		 * @since 1.3
		 */
		@Override
		public void write(byte[] theBytes, int off, int len) throws IOException
		{
			// Encoding suspended?
			if (suspendEncoding)
			{
				super.out.write(theBytes, off, len);
				return;
			}
			
			for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
			{
				write(theBytes[off + i]);
			}
		}
		
		/**
		 * Method added by PHIL. [Thanks, PHIL. -Rob] This pads the buffer without closing the stream.
		 * @throws IOException
		 */
		public void flushBase64() throws IOException
		{
			if (position > 0)
			{
				if (encode)
				{
					out.write(encode3to4(b4, buffer, position));
					position = 0;
				}
				else
				{
					throw new IOException("Base64 input not properly padded.");
				}
			}
		}
		
		/**
		 * Flushes and closes (I think, in the superclass) the stream.
		 * @since 1.3
		 */
		@Override
		public void close() throws IOException
		{
			// 1. Ensure that pending characters are written
			flushBase64();
			
			// 2. Actually close the stream
			// Base class both flushes and closes.
			super.close();
			
			buffer = null;
			out = null;
		}
		
		/**
		 * Suspends encoding of the stream. May be helpful if you need to embed a piece of base640-encoded data in a stream.
		 * @throws IOException
		 * @since 1.5.1
		 */
		public void suspendEncoding() throws IOException
		{
			flushBase64();
			suspendEncoding = true;
		}
		
		/**
		 * Resumes encoding of the stream. May be helpful if you need to embed a piece of base640-encoded data in a stream.
		 * @since 1.5.1
		 */
		public void resumeEncoding()
		{
			suspendEncoding = false;
		}
	}
}
